A comparison of APD and SPAD based receivers for visible light communications

Long Zhang; Danial Chitnis; Hyunchae Chun; Sujan Rajbhandari; Grahame Faulkner; Dominic C. O'Brien; Steve Collins

doi:10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180

A comparison of APD and SPAD based receivers for visible light communications

Long Zhang
, Danial Chitnis
, Hyunchae Chun
, Sujan Rajbhandari
, Grahame Faulkner
, Dominic C. O'Brien
, Steve Collins

Coventry Business School, Coventry University, UK

Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

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Visible light communications is an alternative method of indoor wireless communications that requires sensitive receivers. Ideally, single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) could be used to create more sensitive receivers. However, the dead time, finite output pulse width, and photon detection efficiency of existing SPAD arrays limit their sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper, an accurate equation for the impact of dead time on the sensitivity of a SPAD array is presented. In addition, the impact of the width of the output pulses on the on-off keying data rate is investigated. Finally, a comparison between receivers containing an avalanche photo-diode (APD) and a large array of SPADs shows that although the receiver containing the SPAD is more sensitive in the dark, the APD-based receiver is more sensitive in a normal operating condition. However, the models that predict the performance of both receivers suggest that newer SPAD arrays will enable significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.

Iaith wreiddiol	Saesneg
Tudalennau (o-i)	2435-2442
Nifer y tudalennau	8
Cyfnodolyn	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Cyfrol	36
Rhif cyhoeddi	12
Dynodwyr Gwrthrych Digidol (DOIs)	https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180
Statws	Cyhoeddwyd - 15 Meh 2018
Cyhoeddwyd yn allanol	Ie

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10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180

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@article{e0c75680006f44ea8bf22e63cb71722c,

title = "A comparison of APD and SPAD based receivers for visible light communications",

abstract = "Visible light communications is an alternative method of indoor wireless communications that requires sensitive receivers. Ideally, single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) could be used to create more sensitive receivers. However, the dead time, finite output pulse width, and photon detection efficiency of existing SPAD arrays limit their sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper, an accurate equation for the impact of dead time on the sensitivity of a SPAD array is presented. In addition, the impact of the width of the output pulses on the on-off keying data rate is investigated. Finally, a comparison between receivers containing an avalanche photo-diode (APD) and a large array of SPADs shows that although the receiver containing the SPAD is more sensitive in the dark, the APD-based receiver is more sensitive in a normal operating condition. However, the models that predict the performance of both receivers suggest that newer SPAD arrays will enable significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.",

keywords = "Photonics, Sensitivity, Avalanche photodiodes, Arrays, Mathematical model, Optical receivers",

author = "Long Zhang and Danial Chitnis and Hyunchae Chun and Sujan Rajbhandari and Grahame Faulkner and O'Brien, \{Dominic C.\} and Steve Collins",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180",

language = "English",

volume = "36",

pages = "2435--2442",

journal = "Journal of Lightwave Technology",

issn = "0733-8724",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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AU - Zhang, Long

AU - Chitnis, Danial

AU - Chun, Hyunchae

AU - Rajbhandari, Sujan

AU - Faulkner, Grahame

AU - O'Brien, Dominic C.

AU - Collins, Steve

N1 - © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

PY - 2018/6/15

Y1 - 2018/6/15

N2 - Visible light communications is an alternative method of indoor wireless communications that requires sensitive receivers. Ideally, single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) could be used to create more sensitive receivers. However, the dead time, finite output pulse width, and photon detection efficiency of existing SPAD arrays limit their sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper, an accurate equation for the impact of dead time on the sensitivity of a SPAD array is presented. In addition, the impact of the width of the output pulses on the on-off keying data rate is investigated. Finally, a comparison between receivers containing an avalanche photo-diode (APD) and a large array of SPADs shows that although the receiver containing the SPAD is more sensitive in the dark, the APD-based receiver is more sensitive in a normal operating condition. However, the models that predict the performance of both receivers suggest that newer SPAD arrays will enable significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.

AB - Visible light communications is an alternative method of indoor wireless communications that requires sensitive receivers. Ideally, single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) could be used to create more sensitive receivers. However, the dead time, finite output pulse width, and photon detection efficiency of existing SPAD arrays limit their sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper, an accurate equation for the impact of dead time on the sensitivity of a SPAD array is presented. In addition, the impact of the width of the output pulses on the on-off keying data rate is investigated. Finally, a comparison between receivers containing an avalanche photo-diode (APD) and a large array of SPADs shows that although the receiver containing the SPAD is more sensitive in the dark, the APD-based receiver is more sensitive in a normal operating condition. However, the models that predict the performance of both receivers suggest that newer SPAD arrays will enable significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.

KW - Photonics

KW - Sensitivity

KW - Avalanche photodiodes

KW - Arrays

KW - Mathematical model

KW - Optical receivers

U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180

DO - 10.1109/JLT.2018.2811180

M3 - Article

SN - 0733-8724

VL - 36

SP - 2435

EP - 2442

JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

IS - 12

ER -

A comparison of APD and SPAD based receivers for visible light communications

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