Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

Elham Esmaeilishirazifard; Louise Usher; Carol Trim; Vartul Sangal; Gregory F. Tyson; Axel Barlow; Keith F. Redway; John D. Taylor; Myrto Kremida-Vlachou; Sam Davies; Teresa D.  Loftus; Mikaella M.G. Lock; Kstir Wright; Andrew Dalby; Lori A.S. Snyder; Wolfgang Wüster; Steve Trim; Sterghios A. Moschos

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

Elham Esmaeilishirazifard, Louise Usher, Carol Trim, Vartul Sangal, Gregory F. Tyson, Axel Barlow, Keith F. Redway, John D. Taylor, Myrto Kremida-Vlachou, Sam Davies, Teresa D. Loftus, Mikaella M.G. Lock, Kstir Wright, Andrew Dalby, Lori A.S. Snyder, Wolfgang Wüster, Steve Trim, Sterghios A. Moschos

Ysgol Gwyddorau Amgylcheddol a Naturiol

Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

177 Wedi eu Llwytho i Lawr (Pure)

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Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal spe- cies and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom ste- rility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of ven- omous animal bite wounds.

Iaith wreiddiol	Saesneg
Rhif yr erthygl	e0240821
Nifer y tudalennau	16
Cyfnodolyn	Microbiology Spectrum
Cyfrol	10
Rhif cyhoeddi	3
Dyddiad ar-lein cynnar	23 Mai 2022
Dynodwyr Gwrthrych Digidol (DOIs)	https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21
Statws	Cyhoeddwyd - 29 Meh 2022

Mynediad at Ddogfen

10.1128/spectrum.02408-21Trwydded: CC BY

spectrum.02408-21Fersiwn derfynol wedi’i chyhoeddi, 2.81 MBTrwydded: CC BY

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Esmaeilishirazifard, E., Usher, L., Trim, C., Sangal, V., Tyson, G. F., Barlow, A., Redway, K. F., Taylor, J. D., Kremida-Vlachou, M., Davies, S., Loftus, T. D., Lock, M. M. G., Wright, K., Dalby, A., Snyder, L. A. S., Wüster, W., Trim, S., & Moschos, S. A. (2022). Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(3), erthygl e0240821. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

@article{45c94c6c3bae4bb9b51a22a4bd02719c,

title = "Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida",

abstract = "Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal spe- cies and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom ste- rility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of ven- omous animal bite wounds.",

keywords = "drug resistance evolution, extremophiles, genome analysis, microbiome, multidrug resistance, venom",

author = "Elham Esmaeilishirazifard and Louise Usher and Carol Trim and Vartul Sangal and Tyson, \{Gregory F.\} and Axel Barlow and Redway, \{Keith F.\} and Taylor, \{John D.\} and Myrto Kremida-Vlachou and Sam Davies and Loftus, \{Teresa D.\} and Lock, \{Mikaella M.G.\} and Kstir Wright and Andrew Dalby and Snyder, \{Lori A.S.\} and Wolfgang W{\"u}ster and Steve Trim and Moschos, \{Sterghios A.\}",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1128/spectrum.02408-21",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Microbiology Spectrum",

publisher = "American Society for Microbiology",

number = "3",

}

Esmaeilishirazifard, E, Usher, L, Trim, C, Sangal, V, Tyson, GF, Barlow, A, Redway, KF, Taylor, JD, Kremida-Vlachou, M, Davies, S, Loftus, TD, Lock, MMG, Wright, K, Dalby, A, Snyder, LAS, Wüster, W, Trim, S & Moschos, SA 2022, 'Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida', Microbiology Spectrum, cyfrol. 10, rhif 3, e0240821. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

TY - JOUR

T1 - Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

AU - Esmaeilishirazifard, Elham

AU - Usher, Louise

AU - Trim, Carol

AU - Sangal, Vartul

AU - Tyson, Gregory F.

AU - Barlow, Axel

AU - Redway, Keith F.

AU - Taylor, John D.

AU - Kremida-Vlachou, Myrto

AU - Davies, Sam

AU - Loftus, Teresa D.

AU - Lock, Mikaella M.G.

AU - Wright, Kstir

AU - Dalby, Andrew

AU - Snyder, Lori A.S.

AU - Wüster, Wolfgang

AU - Trim, Steve

AU - Moschos, Sterghios A.

PY - 2022/6/29

Y1 - 2022/6/29

N2 - Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal spe- cies and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom ste- rility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of ven- omous animal bite wounds.

AB - Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal spe- cies and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom ste- rility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of ven- omous animal bite wounds.

KW - drug resistance evolution

KW - extremophiles

KW - genome analysis

KW - microbiome

KW - multidrug resistance

KW - venom

U2 - 10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

DO - 10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

M3 - Article

C2 - 35604233

VL - 10

JO - Microbiology Spectrum

JF - Microbiology Spectrum

IS - 3

M1 - e0240821

ER -

Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

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