Stuttering narratives in Poland: A qualitative study exploring the consequences of stigmatization and ableism on adult life experiences

The main goal of this qualitative study was to explore how language and societal narratives shape the experiences of adults who stutter in Poland, specifically the impact of stigma and ableism on self-perception, relationships, and well-being. Using purposive sampling, 20 Polish-speaking adults who stutter, aged 19-58, were interviewed through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Four key themes were generated in Reflexive Thematic Analysis: Social reactions to stuttering; Individual experiences of stuttering; Supportive and unsupportive interventions; Different paths: acceptance versus denial. The results highlight the role of stigma, self-esteem, and language in shaping the experience of people who stutter. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive environments, empathetic responses, and therapies that address emotional and social aspects beyond speech fluency. By highlighting the role of language in shaping these experiences, the study indicates the need for (societal) change to foster greater acceptance and inclusion. Promoting inclusive language can also help challenge ableism and reduce self-stigmatization. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.]