Additional Phonetic Symbols for the Transcription of Typical and Atypical Speech

The extIPA symbols chart provides a range of symbols to help clinical phoneticians transcribe atypical speech. However, there are groups of sounds that occur in disordered speech that have no symbols, and there are also sets of symbols used by some phoneticians that are not included on either the IPA or extIPA charts. Based on this, a set of Additional Phonetic (AddPhon) symbols are described in this article. Four criteria are outlined for inclusion in AddPhon, one or more of which must be met by any symbol being considered: it was previously, but is no longer, recognized by the IPA; it is widely used in non-IPA phonetic traditions; it is for a large range of sounds occurring in disordered speech for which no symbols currently exist; or it can be easily converted from current IPA usage for sounds lacking a symbol. Symbols are described for plosives, trills, taps, and flaps; alveolopalatal sounds; lateral and rhotic fricatives; approximants and voiceless ejectives. Finally, some possible inclusions are described and the reasons for not adding them to the new chart explained.