Impact of breast health education and individual sports bra prescription on elite female football match officials

  • Jenny Burbage
  • , Emily Paines
  • , Chloe Errington
  • , Nathalie Qaqaya
  • , Werner Helsen
  • , Caroline Tarnowski
  • , Ian Rollo
  • , Melissa Jones
  • , Joanna Wakefield-Scurr

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Female football (soccer) officials face unique physical demands and equipment constraints, yet their breast health needs remain under-researched. This study investigated bra usage, issues and preferences among elite and national-level female football match officials and evaluated the effect of a targeted breast health intervention. Baseline questionnaires were completed by 104 officials (mean age 34 ± 5 years), assessing breast and bra knowledge, usage, preferences, pain and equipment-related issues. All 104 participants attended a one-hour online breast health education session. Of these, a subgroup of 20 elite officials also received a bra assessment and were prescribed a high-support bra. Four weeks later, follow-up questionnaires assessed changes in breast health knowledge and compared personal versus prescribed sports bras for fit, support, pain and compatibility with upper-body equipment. At baseline, 93% of participants reported at least one breast- or bra-related issue; 25% identified problems due to bra–equipment interaction. Breast health knowledge improved significantly post-intervention (p < 0.001). Satisfaction was significantly higher with the prescribed bra across fit, support and reduced breast pain (all p < 0.05). Targeted breast health education and individual bra prescription improved knowledge, comfort and support. Breast-related and bra–equipment interaction issues are prevalent, highlighting the need for improved sports bra design and integration with upper-body equipment.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1-12
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Sports Sciences
Early online date3 Feb 2026
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 3 Feb 2026

Keywords

  • Athlete Health Education
  • Equipment Integration
  • Female Athletes
  • Sport Officiating
  • Injury Prevention
  • Athlete health education
  • sports officiating
  • equipment integration
  • injury prevention
  • female athletes

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