Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

David Markland; Magnus Lindwall; Andreas Ivarsson; Karin Weman-Josefsson; Linus Jonsson; Nikos Ntoumanis; Heather Patrick; Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani; Pedro Teixeira

doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0464-4

Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

David Markland
, Magnus Lindwall
, Andreas Ivarsson
, Karin Weman-Josefsson
, Linus Jonsson
, Nikos Ntoumanis
, Heather Patrick
, Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani
, Pedro Teixeira

University of Gothenburg
University of Halmstad
Curtin University, Perth
Envolve PeopleCare, Farmington, USA
University of Lisbon

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles.
Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles.
Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction.
Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented
analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.

Original language	English
Number of pages	12
Journal	International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Volume	14
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0464-4
Publication status	Published - 14 Jan 2017

Keywords

Motivation profile
Person-oriented
Exercise
Need satisfaction
Self-determination

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10.1186/s12966-017-0464-4

lindwall et al motivational soup ijbnpa 2017Final published version, 565 KBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise",

abstract = "Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.",

keywords = "Motivation profile, Person-oriented, Exercise, Need satisfaction, Self-determination",

author = "David Markland and Magnus Lindwall and Andreas Ivarsson and Karin Weman-Josefsson and Linus Jonsson and Nikos Ntoumanis and Heather Patrick and Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani and Pedro Teixeira",

note = "This study was funded by Swedish National Centre for Research in Sports (grant number P2015-0050), Centre for Person-Centred Care at Gothenburg University; Halmstad University; Health Technology Centre Halland; Tappa Service AB and the European Regional Development Fund",

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T2 - within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

AU - Markland, David

AU - Lindwall, Magnus

AU - Ivarsson, Andreas

AU - Weman-Josefsson, Karin

AU - Jonsson, Linus

AU - Ntoumanis, Nikos

AU - Patrick, Heather

AU - Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie

AU - Teixeira, Pedro

N1 - This study was funded by Swedish National Centre for Research in Sports (grant number P2015-0050), Centre for Person-Centred Care at Gothenburg University; Halmstad University; Health Technology Centre Halland; Tappa Service AB and the European Regional Development Fund

PY - 2017/1/14

Y1 - 2017/1/14

N2 - Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.

AB - Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.

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KW - Person-oriented

KW - Exercise

KW - Need satisfaction

KW - Self-determination

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DO - 10.1186/s12966-017-0464-4

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SN - 1479-5868

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JO - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

JF - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

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Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

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