A Queer Path: An Investigation into Heteronormativity within Contemporary Paganism.

Abstract

Contemporary Paganism is often celebrated for its reputation as an inclusive spirituality, with a significant proportion of its members identifying as LGBTQ+. However, despite this outward inclusivity, there is evidence of underlying tensions stemming from the persistence of heteronormative ideals embedded within many Pagan traditions. Concepts that were once regarded as liberating alternatives to mainstream patriarchal religions, are now sometimes seen to reinforce the gender binary. In particular, the mythos and iconography of deities, the emphasis on fertility, and single-gender ritual groups have been flagged as problematic. As a result, practitioners with alternative genders and sexualities may experience discomfort, detachment, or even discrimination from other community members due to their queer identity.
To best explore these dynamics, this thesis employs a mixed-methods design – combining data from 310 questionnaire responses and eleven interviews. Conducted across mainland Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland), the study critically examines the extent to which these frameworks impact LGBTQ+ practitioners. While the findings affirm Paganism’s reputation as an overwhelmingly inclusive community, they also reveal areas of discontent, highlighting how different LGBTQ+ identities may be uniquely affected by essentialist themes. Collectively, these insights identify significant gaps in understanding and illustrates a vital need for further scholarship – particularly in relation to asexual, transgender and nonbinary Pagan experiences.

Date of Award	24 Mar 2026
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Bangor University
Supervisor	Joshua Andrews (Supervisor) & Teresa Crew (Supervisor)