Coleg Gwyddoniaeth a Pheirianneg
- 2024
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Quantifying natural and anthropogenic impacts on streamflow and sediment load reduction in the upper to middle Yellow River Basin
Ren, D., Liu, S., Wu, Y., Xiao, F., Patil, S., Dallison, R., Feng, S., Zhao, F., Qiu, L., Wang, S., Zhang, S. & Li, L., 1 Meh 2024, Yn: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 53, 101788.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Exploring Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Straw Burning in Hunan Province, China, from 2010 to 2020
Zeng, Y., Liu, S., Huang, S., Patil, S., Gao, W. & Li, H., 18 Ebr 2024, Yn: Remote Sensing. 16, 8Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Heterogeneity of phosphorus sources invokes distinct niche partitioning pathways of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils
Lin, X., Ning, C., Liu, T., Gao, D., Smith, A., Yan, W. & Liu, S., 1 Gorff 2024, Yn: Soil Biology and Biochemistry.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Interlaboratory study of the operational stability of automated sorption balances.
Zelinka, S., Glass, S., Lazarcik, E., Thybring, E., Altgen, M., Rautkari, L., Curling, S., Cao, J., Wang, Y., Kunniger, T., Nystrom, G., Dreimol, C. H., Burgert, I., Uyup, M. K. A., Khadiran, T., Roper, M., Broom, D., Schwarzkopf, M., Yudhanto, A., Subah, M., Lubineau, G., Fredriksson, M., Strojecki, M., Olek, W., Majka, J., Pedersen, N. B., Burnett, D., Garcia, A., Verdonck, E., Dreisbach, F., Waguespack, L., Schott, J., Esteban, L., Garcia-Iruela, A., Colinart, T., Remond, R., Mazian, B., Perre, P., Emmerich, L. & Ling, L., 13 Ebr 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Adsorption.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Soil pH and phosphorus availability regulate sulphur cycling in an 82-year-old fertilised grassland
Wang, Q., Bauke, S., Döring, T., Yin, J., Cooledge, E., Jones, D. L., Chadwick, D., Tietema, A. & Bol, R., 1 Gorff 2024, Yn: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 109436.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Evaluation of light traps for sampling lobster larvae in the German Bight, North Sea
Leiva, L., Gimenez Noya, L. & Boersma, M., 1 Meh 2024, Yn: Journal of Sea Research. 199, 102497.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Needles in haystacks: monitoring the potential escape of bioaerosolised antimicrobial resistance genes from wastewater treatment plants with air and phyllosphere sampling
George, P., Hillary, L., Leclerc, S., Cooledge, E., Lemieux, J., Duchaine, C. & Jones, D. L., 12 Ebr 2024, Yn: Canadian Journal of Microbiology.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Superlens-Assisted laser nanostructuring of Long Period optical fiber Gratings (LPGs) for enhanced refractive index sensing
Chen, Y., Yue, L., Yang, X., Baxter, C. & Wang, Z., 1 Medi 2024, Yn: Optics and Laser Technology. 176, 111001.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
The deepwater oxygen deficit in stratified shallow seas is mediated by diapycnal mixing
Rippeth, T., Shen, S., Lincoln, B., Scannell, B., Meng, X., Hopkins, J. & Sharples, J., 11 Ebr 2024, Yn: Nature Communications. 15, 3136, 15:3136.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
A conceptual framework on the role of magnetic cues in songbird migration ecology
Karwinkel, T., Peter, A., Holland, R., Thorup, K., Bairlein, F. & Schmaljohann, H., 10 Ebr 2024, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg) Yn: Biological Reviews.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Gain Switched Semiconductor Nanolasers With Optical Injection
Fan, Y., Shore, K. A. & Shao, X., 15 Mai 2024, Yn: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 36, 10, t. 661-664Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
Outline analysis as a new method for investigating development in fossil crabs
Braig, F., Torres, G., Gimenez Noya, L. & Haug, J., 30 Ebr 2024, Yn: Palaeontologica Electronica.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Regional reef fish assemblage maps provide baseline biogeography for tropicalization monitoring
Walker, B., Becker, D., Williams, G. J., Kilfoyle, A., Smith, S. & Kozachuk, A., 3 Ebr 2024, Yn: Scientific Reports. 14, 1, t. 7893 7893.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Analysis of the Dynamical Response of Electrically Pumped Nano-laser Arrays
Shore, K. A. & Fan, Y., 2 Ebr 2024, t. S24-01.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
- Cyhoeddwyd
Potential sources and occurrence of macro-plastics and microplastics pollution in farmland soils: A typical case of China
Ren, S., Wang, K., Zhang, J., Li, J., Zhang, H., Qi, R., Xu, W., Yan, C., Liu, X., Zhang, F., Jones, D. L. & Chadwick, D. R., 2 Ebr 2024, Yn: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 54, 7, t. 533-556 33 t.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Semiconductor Lasers Subject to Frequency Modulated Optical Injection
Shore, K. A., Fan, Y. & Hong, Y., 2 Ebr 2024, t. S24-33.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
- Cyhoeddwyd
Cattle production strategies to deliver protein with less land and lower environmental impact
Henn, D., Duffy, C., Humphreys, J., Gibbons, J., Byrne, K. & Styles, D., 1 Ebr 2024, Yn: Journal of Environmental Management. 356, 120569.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Exploring spatial and temporal resilience in socio-ecological systems: evidence from sacred forests in Epirus, Greece.
Marini Govigli, V., Healey, J., Wong, J., Stara, K., Tsiakiris, R. & Halley, J., 1 Ebr 2024, Yn: People and Nature.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Intercomparison of surface velocimetry techniques for drone-based marine current characterization
Fairley, I., King, N., McIlvenny, J., Lewis, M., Neill, S., Williamson, B., Masters, I. & Reeve, D. E., 1 Ebr 2024, Yn: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 299, 108682.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Semi-Supervised Classification With Pairwise Constraints: A Case Study on Animal Identification from Video
Kuncheva, L., Garrido-Labrador, J., Ramos-Perez, I., Hennessey, S. & Rodriguez, J., 1 Ebr 2024, Yn: Information Fusion. 104, 102188.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
The effect of observing trained conspecifics on the performance and motivation of goldfish, Carassius auratus, in a spatial task
Blane, J. C. & Holland, R. A., Ebr 2024, Yn: Behavioural Processes. 217, 105021.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Ni(II)-binding affinity of CcNikZ-II and its homologs: the role of the HH-prong and variable loop revealed by structural and mutational studies
Diep, P., Stogios, P. J., Evdokimova, E., Savchenko, A., Mahadevan, R. & Yakunin, A. F., 31 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Febs Journal.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
Can spirituality save centuries-old trees and forests? A study from the mountains of NW Greece
Stara, K., Tsiakiris, R., Wong, J., Healey, J., Marini Govigli, V. & Halley, J., 29 Maw 2024, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg) Yn: Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Organic carbon accumulation in British saltmarshes
Smeaton, C., Garrett, E., Koot, M. B., Ladd, C. J. T., Miller, L. C., McMahon, L., Foster, B., Barlow, N. L. M., Blake, W., Gehrels, W. R., Skov, M. W. & Austin, W. E. N., 29 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Science of the Total Environment. 926, t. 172104Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Destructive Fishing: an expert-driven definition and exploration of this quasi-concept
McCarthy, A. H., Steadman, D., Richardson, H., Murphy, J., Benbow, S., Brian, J. I., Brooks, H., Costa-Domingo, G., Hazin, C., McOwen, C., Walker, J., Willer, D., Abdi, M., Auster, P. J., Bealey, R., Bensted-Smith, R., Broadburn, K., Carvalho, G., Collinson, T., Erinosho, B., Fabinyi, M., Febrica, S., Forbi, W. N., Garcia, S. M., Goad, D., Goldsworthy, L., Govan, H., Heaphy, C., Hiddink, J. G., Hosch, G., Kachelriess, D., Kinch, J., Lancaster, A. M. S. N., Le Manach, F., Matthews, T., Medellin-Ortiz, A., Morgan, A., Motta, H., Marua, H., Namboothri, N., Ndiritu, E., Passfield, K., Pilcher, N. J., Portus, J. O., Rguez-Baron, J. M., Robertson, M., Sharma, A., Suazo, C. G., Tamini, L. L., Vilata-Simon, J. & Mukherjee, N., 28 Maw 2024, Yn: Conservation Letters.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
Soft-ROADM-enabled Seamlessly Converged Optical-Wireless Access Networks with Free-Running Laser-based Tunable mmWave Generation and RF Envelope Detection
Vallejo Castro, L., Gonem, O., Jin, W., Giddings, R. & Tang, J., 28 Maw 2024, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg).Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Slurry acidification is as effective as slurry injection at reducing ammonia emissions without increasing N2O emissions: A short-term mesocosm study
Langley-Randall, J., Jones, D. L., Cotton, J., Williams, J. R. & Chadwick, D. R., 1 Meh 2024, Yn: Geoderma Regional. 37, 00791.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
The power of citizen science to advance fungal conservation
Martin, T., 22 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Conservation Letters.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Herbal leys increase forage macro- and micronutrient content, spring lamb nutrition, liveweight gain, and reduce gastrointestinal parasites compared to a grass-clover ley
Cooledge, E., Kendall, N., Leake, J., Chadwick, D. & Jones, D. L., 15 Meh 2024, Yn: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 367, 108991.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Thresholds for storm-driven estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic-statistical modelling approach.
Lyddon, C., Nguyen, C., Vasilopoulos, G., Ridgill, M., Moradian, S., Olbert, A., Coulthard, T., Barkwith, A. & Robins, P., 21 Maw 2024, Yn: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 24, 3Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Responding to the UN sustainability goals in transdisciplinary partnership through network action learning
Dreyer-Gibney, K., Coughlan, P., Coghlan, D., Wu, S-H., Bello-Dambatta, A., Dallison, R., McNabola, A., Novara, D., Rafique, A., Schestak, I., Spriet, J., Walker, N. & Williams, P., 20 Maw 2024, Yn: Environment, Development and Sustainability.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Trapping and bypassing of suspended particulate matter, particulate nutrients and faecal indicator organisms in the river-estuary transition zone of a shallow macrotidal estuary
Jago, C., Robins, P., Howlett, E., Hassard, F., Rajko-Nenow, P., Jackson, S., Nguyen, C. & Malham, S., 20 Maw 2024, Yn: Science of the Total Environment. 917, 170343.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
An interactive visualization and data portal tool (PALTIDE) for relative sea level and palaeotidal simulations of the northwest European shelf seas since the Last Glacial Maximum
Scourse, J., Ward, S., Wainwright, A., Bradley, S., Wilson, J. K. & Guo, J., 19 Maw 2024, Yn: Journal of Quaternary Science.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
How we discovered the wreck of a torpedoed British ship after a 109-year mystery
Roberts, M., 19 Maw 2024, The Conversation.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyhoeddiad arbenigol › Erthygl
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Maximum entropy modelling to identify optimal locations for an IMTA system comprising Sparus aurata, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ulva rigida on Europe’s Atlantic coastline
Hughes, C. & King, J., 19 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Aquatic Living Resources. 37, 4Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Simplified coherent optical network units for very-high-speed passive optical networks
Kovacs, I. B., Faruk, M. S., Torres-Ferrera, P. & Savory, S. J., 1 Gorff 2024, Yn: IEEE Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 16, 7Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Co-benefits for net carbon emissions and rice yields through improved management of organic nitrogen and water
Liu, B., Guo, C., Xu, J., Zhao, Q., Chadwick, D., Gao, X., Zhou, F., Lakshmanan, P., Wang, X., Guan, X., Zhao, H., Fang, L., Li, S., Bai, Z., Ma, L., Chen, X., Cui, Z., Shi, X., Zhang, F., Chen, X. & Li, Z., 14 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Nature Food. 5, t. 241-250 9 t.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Intraspecific functional traits and stable isotope signatures of ground-dwelling ants across an elevational gradient
He, X., Liu, S., Nakamura, A., Ellwood, M. D. F., Zhou, S., Xing, S., Li, Y. & Wen, D., 14 Maw 2024, (E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu) Yn: Soil Ecology Letters. 6, 4Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg
Marine redox dynamics and biotic response to the mid-Silurian Ireviken Extinction Event in a mid-shelf setting
Wang, Y., Wignall, P. B., Xiong, Y., Loydell, D. K., Peakall, J., Baas, J. H., Mills, B. J. W. & Poulton, S. W., 13 Maw 2024, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg) Yn: Journal of the Geological Society.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Lithium stabilization of amorphous ZrO2
Stephens, G. F., Wilson, J., Curling, S., He, G., Thomas, P. J., Williams, D., Ortner, S., Grovenor, C., Rushton, M., Cole-Baker, A. & Middleburgh, S., 6 Mai 2024, Yn: Progress in Nuclear Energy. 171, 105165.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu
Soil metabolomics - current challenges and future perspectives
Brown, R., Reay, M. K., Centler, F., Chadwick, D., Bull, I. D., McDonald, J., Evershed, R. P. & Jones, D. L., 1 Meh 2024, Yn: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 109382.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Improving well-being and reducing deforestation in Indonesia's protected areas
Morgans, C. L., Jago, S., Andayani, N., Linkie, M., Lo, M. G. Y., Mumbunan, S., St. John, F. A. V., Supriatna, J., Voigt, M., Winarni, N., Santika, T. & Struebig, M., 6 Maw 2024, Yn: Conservation Letters. t. 1 11 t., e13010.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb
Li, P., Li, Q., Tang, W., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Little, B. E., Chu, S. T., Shore, K. A., Qin, Y. & Wang, Y., 5 Maw 2024, Yn: Light: Science & Applications. 13, 1, t. 66 1 t., 66.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Simulation of Gb/s free space optical secure communication using interband cascade laser chaos
Han, H., Xu, J., Cheng, X., Jia, Z., Zhang, J. & Shore, K. A., 5 Maw 2024, Yn: Optics Communications. 559, 130424.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Optimizing Anti-Perturbation Capability in Single-shot wide-field Multimode Fiber Imaging Systems
Feng, Z., Yue, Z., Zhou, W., Xu, B., Hong, Y., Xiong, D. & Yang, X., 4 Maw 2024, Yn: Applied Physics Letters. 124, 10Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: Drivers, effectiveness, and future needs
Kumar, P., Debele, S. E., Khalili, S., Halios, C. H., Sahani, J., Aghamohammadi, N., Andrade, M. D. F., Athanassiadou, M., Bhui, K., Calvillo, N., Cao, S-J., Coulon, F., Edmondson, J. L., Fletcher, D., Dias de Freitas, E., Guo, H., Hort, M. C., Katti, M., Kjeldsen, T. R., Lehmann, S., Locosselli, G. M., Malham, S. K., Morawska, L., Parajuli, R., Rogers, C. D. F., Yao, R., Wang, F., Wenk, J. & Jones, L., 4 Maw 2024, Yn: The Innovation. 5, 2, t. 100588Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
A hypoxia biomarker does not predict benefit from giving chemotherapy with radiotherapy in the BC2001 randomised controlled trial
Smith, T., West, C., Joseph, N., Lane, B., Irlam-Jones, J., More, E., Mistry, H., Reeves, K., Song, Y. P., Reardon, M., Hoskin, P., Hussain, S., Denley, H., Hall, E., Porta, N., Huddart, R., James, N. & Choudhury, A., 1 Maw 2024, Yn: eBioMedicine. 101, t. 105032 14 t., 105032.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
A review of bovine tuberculosis transmission risk in European wildlife communities
Justus, W., Valle, S., Barton, O., Gresham, A. & Shannon, G., 1 Maw 2024, Yn: Mammal Review.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Assessment of wastewater derived pollution using viral monitoring in two estuaries
Farkas, K., Mannion, F., Sorby, R., Winterbourn, B., Allender, S., Gregory, C. G. M., Holding, P., Thorpe, J. M., Malham, S. K. & Le Vay, L., 1 Maw 2024, Yn: Marine pollution bulletin. 200, 116081.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
- Cyhoeddwyd
Ensemble modeling of global lake evaporation under climate change
La Fuente, S., Jennings, E., Lenters, J. D., Verburg, P., Tan, Z., Perroud, M., Janssen, A. B. G. & Woolway, R. I., 1 Maw 2024, Yn: Journal of Hydrology. 631, 130647.Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid