Background Mothers ofchildren with autism typically report lower levels ofwell-being than fathers. The present study compared the well-being of parents of children with autism, and investigated which variables were related to well-being, as well as which variables predicted well-being. Method 100 mothers and 81 fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders reported on child characteristics, and their own mental health, stress, positive perceptions and marital satisfaction. Results Mothers were found to report higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress than fathers, whilst fathers reported higher levels ofpositive perceptions about their child than mothers. Regression analysis showed that maternal stress was predicted by child behaviour problems and employment status. Father stress was predicted by mothers' depression. Conclusion Future research needs to explore what other variables may be more predictive ofboth maternal and paternal well-being, and also by what mechanisms mothers and fathers become stressed. Future interventions will be more effective if targeted in a way that will make the greatest difference for mothers and fathers' well-being.