Activity Overlap and Risk of Mycobacterium bovis Transmission Between Wild European Mammals
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- Master of Science by Research (MScRes), Bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, disease prevalence, activity overlap, Eurasian badger, Meles meles, fallow deer, Dama dama, red fox, Vulpes vulpes, wild boar, Sus scrofa, disease ecology, wildlife ecology
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Abstract
Understanding how disease moves through wildlife communities is essential to managing outbreaks of zoonotic diseases across the globe. Bovine tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) that can threaten domestic and wildlife species. In Chapter I, I conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on M. bovis prevalence rates in European wildlife species. I then used prevalence rates to identify Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), wild boar (Sus scrofa), fallow deer (Dama dama), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as species of concern for the transmission of M. bovis and subsequently conducted a risk assessment for those species based on available literature. I found that research effort has primarily focused on badgers, wild boar, and red deer, but that the risk of community spread requires broader consideration. I also discovered that an in-depth spatiotemporal analysis was needed to better assess the risk of transmission between wildlife species. In Chapter II, I used camera traps to examine the activity of Eurasian badgers, fallow deer, and red foxes in North Wales as a means of evaluating how M. bovis may spread through a wildlife community. I calculated coefficients of overlap and selection ratios to quantify temporal overlap and time-period preference. Though activity varied by season, I found that badgers were generally nocturnal, foxes were nocturnal/crepuscular, and fallow deer were diurnal. Foxes and badgers had the largest degree of temporal overlap while badgers and deer had the least. All species spent at least a third of the diel cycle with overlapping activity. A high degree of connectedness between species has serious ramifications for wildlife diseases which may infect multiple host species. Efforts to manage these diseases should seriously consider broad sampling campaigns over species-specific efforts which may underreport the true scope of an outbreak.
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Original language | English |
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Award date | 6 Mar 2023 |