Exploring the Origins of Morality

Electronic versions

Documents

  • Eftychia Charisi

    Research areas

  • School of History, Philosophy, and Social Sciences

Abstract

This paper will explore the origins of morality. There will be a description of theories that ground morality on theological, sociological, cosmological and biological sources. The interest will be focused on how morality evolved through time and how its development shifted its point of origin and key element. More specifically, the ancient moral philosophy was focused on obtaining answers to the question ‘what is good for man?’. The philosophers of that period considered virtue as the highest good. Later, when organized religion developed God became the divine law-giver and source of ethical behavior. After the middle-ages, the focal point of the initial question shifted towards other directions. Some good examples are the Utilitarian theory of Bentham and Mill and Kant’s categorical imperatives, where the standard of ‘how we ought to act?’ is not virtue anymore. In the case of utilitarianism, the motive for an act should be that the result produced by the act itself must contribute the most possible welfare for the largest amount of people. In the second case, Kant’s theory, the motive for an act should be the respect towards the moral (universal) law. However, there are some contemporary philosophers and free thinkers, like Anscombe, who believe that we are going through a period of moral bankruptcy and a revival of virtue ethics would recalibrate our moral compass. The link between our brain(perception) and morality will be discussed as it could be the key to unlock the mystery of morality’s origins.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Awarding Institution
Supervisors/Advisors
  • Toby Betenson (Supervisor)
Thesis sponsors
  • Bangor University
Award date6 Jul 2020