This thesis is written as a collection of research papers detailing four studies through which imagery perspectives, modality, ability and their neural substrates were investigated. Study 1 explored the effects of internal visual imagery and external visual imagery on the performance of a slalom-based motor task, with the results demonstrating beneficial performance effects for internal visual imagery over external visual imagery. Study 2 followed the design of study 1, and further examined the effects of imagery modality (visual and kinaesthetic) on the performance of the slalom-based task. The results revealed that kinaesthetic imagery provided beneficial effects over internal visual imagery. Study 3 applied the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2) and fMRI to study the brain activation underpinning internal visual imagery, external visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery. Results showed internal visual imagery, external visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery elicited both common areas of activation (in the right supplementary motor area, BA6) and dissociated areas of activation. Specifically, internal visual imagery compared to both external visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery activated occipital and parietal and frontal brain areas (i.e., the dorsal stream) while external visual imagery activated the occipital ventral stream areas and kinaesthetic imagery activated caudate and cerebellum areas. Study 4 investigated the neural substrates of high and low imagers for different visual imagery perspectives and modality using fMRI. More brain activations were detected in the low imagers than the high imagers during all imagery conditions. Specifically, the medial temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus showed more activation in the low imagers. From these results it can be suggested that individuals with lower imagery ability are less efficient in recruiting relevant brain areas to generate vivid images than those with higher imagery ability.