Interactions between limbs and constraints in the expression of maximum force

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  • Constantine Archontides

Abstract

This study provides an interdisciplinary framework within which to investigate maximum force reductions during multi limb action. A literature review of bilateral maximum force deficits that emerge during the concurrent activation of homologous limbs and a discussion of theoretical frameworks within which the empirical findings have been discussed highlight the lack of progress in understanding and explaining the phenomena of interest. This study examines the suitability of Kinsbourne and Hicks' (1978) model as a tool for investigating maximum force reductions during multilimb action. The model introduces the notion of Functional Cerebral Distance which describes the degree of neuronal connectivity between different cerebral control areas. According to this concept the degree of interference on the concurrent performance of two tasks is an inverse function of the functional distance between the cerebral control centres involved. The suitability of functional cerebral distance in the domain of maximum force regulation was examined through four experiments. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 examined inhibition patterns during paired co-contractions of homologous, ipsilateral and contralateral limbs respectively. Experiment 1 showed that simultaneous bilateral maximal contractions of the right and left elbow extensors and the right and left knee extensors resulted in substantial patterns of inhibition for both homologous pairs. Experiment 2 demonstrated that paired ipsilateral elbow and knee extensors also experience inhibition, although the pattern was more dominant for the latter. In experiment 3 it was shown that such patterns of inhibition disappeared when the same limbs contracted in a diagonally pa.ired fashion. Utilizing a within subjects design, experiment 4 successfully replicated the above findings and also showed that the magnitude of inhibition under homologous and ipsila t.eral co-contractions was not significantly different. The implications of these findings are discussed. Recommendations for revision of the model and further research are proposed.

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Original languageEnglish
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    Award date1992