Road noise alters foraging duration and vigilance behaviour of three common tit species
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- Cyanistes caeruleus, Parus major, Periparus ater, anthropogenic, noise, foraging, vigilance
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Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic noise on wildlife has received increasing research attention over the past two decades, with a significant focus dedicated to avian species. Surprisingly, one behavioural response that is comparatively understudied is the impact of noise on vigilance behaviour. In an increasingly noisy environment, the vital trade-off between vigilance and crucial behaviours such as foraging may become increasingly difficult to balance. With environmental noise levels predicted to rise globally, there is growing concern that species may no longer be able to maintain efficient vigilance and foraging rates amongst the disturbance, which will potentially impact individual and population-level fitness. In this study I investigated whether the foraging and vigilance behaviour in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major) and coal tits (Periparus ater) was affected by increasing levels of traffic noise, and whether individuals demonstrated a tolerance to lower noise levels. I also investigated the impact of vegetation assemblage on the disturbance of individuals, testing whether access to cover influences the behavioural responses of birds to noise exposure. Data were collected on the behaviour of individual birds at in-situ feeders during periods of road noise playback at Treborth Botanic Garden, North Wales. Metrics studied during varied levels of noise exposure were: time individuals spent foraging or vigilant at the feeders, visit duration, visit frequency and peck rate. Results show that as traffic noise levels increased, particularly past 60 dBA, birds made shorter visits to the feeders and vigilance levels increased. Although the proportion of foraging behaviour did fall, it was largely maintained due to shortened visits prioritising food acquisition and spending less time at the feeder. Cover was not as influential as first predicted; only accounting for a weak effect on increased visit duration within a closed vegetation assemblage. Aspects of behaviour such as visit frequency and peck rate were largely driven by seasonality, with fewer visits but a higher peck rate as the study period progressed. It is likely that these results stemmed from an increased abundance of alternative food sources paired with increased feeding rate for breeding and offspring provision as the year progressed from winter to spring. As noise levels in excess of 60 dBA continually caused a reduction in time spent at the food source and heightened levels of vigilance, increasing noise levels of widespread road networks will likely continue to pose an issue to our native bird species. As the presence of protective vegetation did not appear to significantly mediate the negative effects of increasing noise, it is likely that species will be pushed into more remote areas as the prevalence of anthropogenic noise increases in the environment.
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Original language | English |
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Award date | 2 Feb 2021 |