Species delimitation in Bitis arietans – Are there any cryptic species present?

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  • Kristian Settle-Whittaker

    Research areas

  • MScRes, African snakes, Species delimitation

Abstract

The genus Bitis represents the largest, most widespread and taxonomically diverse group of African snakes within the subfamily Viperinae. The focal species, Bitis arietans, is a continually distributed species with a range extending from sub-Saharan Africa to South Africa. B. arietans, currently a singular species across its distribution, has shown genetic differentiation, whether this is due to intraspecies genetic population structure or evolutionary isolated lineages is still uncertain. Coalescent methods have become a more popular choice for multi-locus species delimitation studies in recent years. Species delimitation, using these methods, in widespread species with little to no morphological differentiation or previous taxonomic subdivision such as B. arietans can be demanding. This study aims to follow on from previous mitochondrial and nuclear work conducted on this species, with a focus on North Africa. Novel data from five nuclear loci was used alongside previous nuclear sequences. Various software following the methodology of previous studies in this area were utilised to achieve a better understanding of the genetics of this species. Seven of the previous mitochondrial clades also proved to be distinct from BPP3 analyses with posterior probabilities of >0.99. Single locus networks revealed two areas of distinct haplotype sharing between clades however visualisation of distance matrices via principal coordinates analyses did not reveal any trends. This study has provided further evidence and clarity into the hypotheses that B. arietans displays multiple cryptic species across its range.

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Original languageEnglish
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Award date8 Apr 2019