The Origin of Zebra Stripes: Does Striping Provide a Fecundity Advantage?
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- Zebra, zebra, stripes, selection, fecundity, Master of Science by Research (MScRes), School of Natural Sciences
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Abstract
Variety in the colouration of animals is widespread but the mechanisms that drive differences in colouration are poorly understood. The zebras’ stripes are perhaps the most recognisable example of stark colouration in mammals. The evolutionary origin of stripes has been an area of contention among scientists for over 100 years. Most recent work has supported the claim that stripes aid resistance to ectoparasitic attack, but these studies have left unresolved questions with no previous study testing for differences in striping between demographic group in a population. Sexual selection systems where both sexes are ornamented are in their infancy of being understood in ecology. This study addresses one of the earliest theories for the evolution of zebra stripes, sexual selection and to ascertain whether the degree of striping of individuals is related to greater fecundity. The population of plains zebra (Equus quagga) in Addo Elephant National Park were studied for a period of 58 days commencing in January 2018. High quality imagery was taken of individuals for identification and stripe scoring of body sections. The demography of harems and environmental variables were recorded and tested against stripe scores for interactions in a range of statistical models. Differences in striping between ages, sexes, reproductive status, dominance and group type were tested for. The degree of striping of stallions and harem members had no impact on the composition and size of harems or reproductive success. Differences in striping between sexes and ages were observed and presents possible evidence of a normalising selection pressure within this population. Further investigation into the differences in striping between ages and group types across populations would be beneficial in understanding the biological relevance of these findings.
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Original language | English |
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Award date | 4 Mar 2020 |