Coleg Meddygaeth ac Iechyd

  1. Cyhoeddwyd

    Quality metrics for the evaluation of Rapid Response Systems: Proceedings from the third international consensus conference on Rapid Response Systems

    Subbe, C. P., Bannard-Smith, J., Bunch, J., Champunot, R., DeVita, M. A., Durham, L., Edelson, D. P., Gonzalez, I., Hancock, C., Haniffa, R., Hartin, J., Haskell, H., Hogan, H., Jones, D. A., Kalkman, C. J., Lighthall, G. K., Malycha, J., Ni, M. Z., Phillips, A. V., Rubulotta, F., So, R. K. & Welch, J., Awst 2019, Yn: RESUSCITATION. 141, t. 1-12

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  2. Cyhoeddwyd

    Express check-in: developing a personal health record for patients admitted to hospital with medical emergencies: a mixed-method feasibility study

    Subbe, C. P., Tomos, H., Jones, G. M. & Barach, P., 2021, Yn: European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Review. 33, 3

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  3. Cyhoeddwyd

    Value of improving patient safety: Health-economic considerations for Rapid Response Systems – a Rapid Review of the Literature and Expert Round Table

    Subbe, C., Hughes, D., Lewis, S., Holmes, E., Kalkman, C. J., So, R. K., Tranka, S. & Welch, J., 17 Ebr 2023, Yn: BMJ Open. 13, 4, e065819.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  4. Cyhoeddwyd

    Numbers needed to hospitalize - risks and benefits of admission in the new decade.

    Subbe, C. P. & Gemmell, L., 1 Meh 2010, Yn: European Journal of Internal Medicine. 21, 3, t. 233-235

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  5. Cyhoeddwyd

    Acute Medicine: Triage, timing and teaching in the context of medical emergency admissions

    Subbe, C. P., Bottle, R. A. & Bell, D., 1 Awst 2011, Yn: European Journal of Internal Medicine. 22, 4, t. 339-343

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  6. Cyhoeddwyd

    Better ViEWS ahead? It is high time to improve patient safety by standardizing Early Warning Scores.

    Subbe, C. P., 1 Awst 2010, Yn: Resuscitation. 81, 8, t. 923-924

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  7. Cyhoeddwyd

    Collaborative audit of risk evaluation in medical emergency treatment (CARE-MET I) - an international pilot.

    Subbe, C. P., Gauntlett, W. & Kellett, J. G., 1 Meh 2010, Yn: European Journal of Internal Medicine. 21, 3, t. 222-225

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  8. Cyhoeddwyd

    The simple clinical score: a tool for benchmarking of emergency admissions in acute internal medicine.

    Subbe, C. P., Jishi, F. & Hibbs, R. A., 1 Awst 2010, Yn: Clinical Medicine. 10, 4, t. 352-357

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  9. Cyhoeddwyd

    Predicting speed at traffic lights-the problem with static assessments of frailty

    Subbe, C. P. & Jones, S., 14 Ion 2015, Yn: Age and Ageing. 44, 2, t. 180-181

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  10. Cyhoeddwyd

    Centile-based Early Warning Scores derived from statistical distributions of vital signs

    Subbe, C. P., 1 Awst 2011, Yn: Resuscitation. 82, 8, t. 969-970

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  11. Cyhoeddwyd

    Anticipating care needs of patients after discharge from hospital: Frail and elderly patients without physiological abnormality on day of admission are more likely to require social services input

    Subbe, C. P., Goulden, N., Mawdsley, K. & Smith, R., Tach 2017, Yn: European Journal of Internal Medicine. 45, t. 74-77

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  12. Cyhoeddwyd

    Laterality Effects on Performance in Team Sports: Insights From Soccer and Basketball (Chapter 14)

    Stöckel, T. & Carey, D., 25 Awst 2016, Laterality in Sports: Theories and Applications. Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., Strauss, B. & MacMahon, C. (gol.). Academic Press, t. 309-328

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion CynhadleddPennodadolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  13. Cyhoeddwyd

    Clinicians' Attitudes towards clinical trials of cancer therapy

    Stuart, N. S., Ford, E., Jenkins, V., Fallowfield, L., Stuart, N., Farewell, D. & Farewell, V., 10 Mai 2011, Yn: British Journal of Cancer. 104, t. 1534-1543

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  14. Cyhoeddwyd

    Weight training has beneficial physical and psychological effects in prostate cancer (PC) patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)

    Stuart, N. S., Marcora, S. M., Callow, N., Oliver, S. J. & Saxton, W., 1 Gorff 2004, Yn: British Journal of Cancer. 91, Supplement 1, t. S37

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  15. Cyhoeddwyd

    The level of haemoglobin in anaemic cancer patients correlates positively with quality of life.

    Stuart, N. S., Lind, M., Vernon, C., Cruickshank, D., Wilkinson, P., Littlewood, T., Stuart, N., Jenkinson, C., Grey-Amante, P., Doll, H. & Wild, D., 1 Ion 2002, Yn: British Journal of Cancer. 86, 8, t. 1243-1249

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  16. Cyhoeddwyd

    Vinorelbine and infusional 5-fluorouracil in anthracycline and taxane pre-treated metastatic breast cancer.

    Stuart, N. S., McIllmurray, M. B., Bishop, J. L., Johnston, S. R., Price, C. G., O'Reilly, S. M., Joffe, J. K., Neave, F. & Whipp, E. C., 1 Maw 2008, Yn: Clinical Oncology. 20, 2, t. 152-156

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  17. Cyhoeddwyd

    Analysis of a panel of antibodies to APC reveals consistent activity towards an unidentified protein.

    Stuart, N. S., Davies, M. L., Roberts, G. T., Stuart, N. & Wakeman, J. A., 31 Gorff 2007, Yn: British Journal of Cancer. 97, 3, t. 384-390

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  18. Cyhoeddwyd

    Bendamustine prolongs progression-free survival in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): a phase III prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of bendamustine hydrochloride, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (BMF) versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) as first-line treatment of MBC

    Stuart, N. S., von Minckwitz, G., Chernozemsky, I., Sirakova, L., Chilingirov, P., Souchon, R., Marschner, N., Kleeberg, U., Tsekov, C., Fritze, D., Thomssen, C. F., Stuart, N., Vermorken, J. B., Loibl, S., Merkle, K. H. & Kaufmann, M., 1 Medi 2005, Yn: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 16, 8, t. 871-877

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  19. Cyhoeddwyd

    Tracking Lexical Access in Speech Production: Electrophysiological Correlates of Word Frequency and Cognate Effects

    Strijkers, K., Costa, A. & Thierry, G., 1 Ebr 2010, Yn: Cerebral Cortex. 20, 4, t. 912-928

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  20. Cyhoeddwyd

    Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Supported Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Self-help Compared With Supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Self-help for Adults Experiencing Depression: The Low-Intensity Guided Help Through Mindfulness (LIGHTMind) Randomized Clinical Trial

    Strauss, C., Bibby-Jones, A-M., Jones, F., Byford, S., Heslin, M., Parry, G., Barkham, M., Lea, L., Crane, R., de Visser, R., Arbon, A., Rosten, C. & Cavanagh, K., 1 Mai 2023, Yn: JAMA psychiatry. 80, 5, t. 415-424 10 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  21. Cyhoeddwyd

    Low-Intensity Guided Help Through Mindfulness (LIGHTMIND): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy self-help to supported cognitive behavioural therapy self-help for adults experiencing depression.

    Strauss, C., Arbon, A., Barkham, M., Byford, S., Crane, R., de Visser, R., Heslin, M., Jones, A-M., Jones, F., Lea, L., Parry, G., Rosten, C. & Cavanagh, K., 4 Mai 2020, Yn: Trials. 21, 1, 374.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  22. Cyhoeddwyd

    Carbon nanotube-cellular interactions: macrophages, epithelial and mesothelial cells

    Stone, V., Kermanizadeh, A., Johnston, H., Boyles, M. & Varet, J., 2012, The toxicology of carbon nanotubes. Cambridge University Press

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion CynhadleddPennodadolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  23. Cyhoeddwyd

    Exploring preferences for variable delays over fixed delays to high-value food rewards as a model of food-seeking behaviours in humans

    Stokes, L-J. G., Davies, A., Lattimore, P., Winstanley, C. & Rogers, R., 18 Chwef 2019, Yn: Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 374, 1766

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  24. Cyhoeddwyd

    Relapse to substance abuse: Recent finding from basic and clinical research

    Stitzer, M. & Cox, W. M., 1996, Yn: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 4, 1, t. 3-4

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  25. Cyhoeddwyd

    Use of multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of acute chest pain: a consensus statement of the North American Society of Cardiac Imaging and the European Society of Cardiac Radiology

    Stillman, A. E., Oudkerk, M., Ackermann, M., Becker, C. R., Buszman, P. E., de Feyter, P. J., Hoffmann, U., Keady, M. T., Marano, R., Lipton, M. J., Raff, G. L., Reddy, G. P., Rees, M. R., Rubin, G. D., Schoepf, U. J., Tarulli, G., van Beek, E. J., Wexler, L., White, C. S., North American Society of Cardiac Imaging, N. V. & European Society of Cardiac Radiology, N. V., 1 Awst 2007, Yn: International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 23, 4, t. 415-427

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  26. Cyhoeddwyd

    Assessment of acute myocardial infarction: current status and recommendations from the North American society for cardiovascular imaging and the European society of cardiac radiology

    Stillman, A. E., Oudkerk, M., Bluemke, D., Bremerich, J., Esteves, F. P., Garcia, E. V., Gutberlet, M., Hundley, W. G., Jerosch-Herold, M., Kuijpers, D., Kwong, R. K., Nagal, E., Lerakis, S., Oshinski, J., Paul, J. F., Underwood, R., Wintersperger, B. J. & Rees, M. R., 1 Ion 2011, Yn: International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 27, 1, t. 7-24

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  27. Cyhoeddwyd

    Use of multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of acute chest pain: a consensus statement for the North American Society of Cardiac Imaging and the European Society of Cardiac Radiology.

    Stillman, A. E., Oudkerk, M., Ackerman, M., Becker, C. R., Buszman, P. E., De Feyter, P. J., Hoffmann, U., Keadey, M. T., Marano, R., Lipton, M. J., Raff, G. L., Reddy, G. P., Rees, M. R., Rubin, G. D., Schoepf, U. J., Tarulli, G., Van Beek, E. J., Wexler, L. & White, C. S., 1 Awst 2007, Yn: European Radiology. 17, 8, t. 2196-2207

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  28. Cyhoeddwyd

    Sympathetic Neural and Hemodynamic Responses to Painful Stimuli are Related to Perception of Pain

    Stickford, A. S., Siddiqui, S., Moore, J. P., Parker, R., Roberts, M. & Fu, Q., Mai 2016, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Cyfrol 48. t. 670

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion CynhadleddCyfraniad i Gynhadleddadolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  29. Cyhoeddwyd

    Intermanual interactions during initiation and production of rhythmic and discrete movements in individuals lacking a corpus callosum.

    Sternad, D., Wei, K., Diedrichsen, J. & Ivry, R. B., 1 Chwef 2007, Yn: Experimental Brain Research. 176, 4, t. 559-574

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  30. Cyhoeddwyd

    Writing a Dissertation.

    Stephenson, P. & Brigden, D. N., 1 Ion 2008, Yn: Student British Medical Journal. 16, t. 1-44

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  31. Cyhoeddwyd

    Lifelong learning for the modern day clinician.

    Stephenson, P., Brigden, D. N. & Dangerfield, P., 1 Ebr 2009, Yn: British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 70, 4, t. 230-232

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  32. Cyhoeddwyd

    Reflective Medics.

    Stephenson, P. & Brigden, D. N., 1 Ebr 2008, Yn: Student British Medical Journal. 16, t. 156-157

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  33. Cyhoeddwyd

    Barriers and facilitators to the access to and use of formal dementia care: Findings of a focus group study with people with dementia, informal carers and health and social care professionals in eight European countries

    Stephan, A., Bieber, A., Hopper, L., Joyce, R., Irving, K., Zanetti, O., Portolani, E., Kerpershoek, L., Verhey, F., de Vught, M., Wolfs, C., Eriksen, S., Røsvik, J., Marques, M. J., Gonçalves-Pereira, M., Sjölund, B-M., Jelley, H., Woods, B. & Meyer, G., 4 Meh 2018, Yn: BMC Geriatrics. 18, 131.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  34. Cyhoeddwyd

    The influence of hemoconcentration on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in acute, prolonged and life-long hypoxemia.

    Stembridge, M., Hoiland, R., Williams, A., Howe, C., Dawkins, T., Drane, A., Tymko, M. M., Gasho, C., Anholm, J., Simpson, L., Bailey, D., Moore, J., MacLeod, D. & Ainslie, P., 1 Hyd 2021, Yn: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 321, 4, t. H738-H747

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  35. Cyhoeddwyd

    Magnetic resonance brain imaging in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania.

    Stein, D. J., Coetzer, B., Lee, M., Davids, B. & Bouwer, C., 1997, Yn: Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  36. Cyhoeddwyd

    Late attentional processes potentially compensate for early perceptual multisensory integration deficits in children with autism: Evidence from evoked potentials

    Stefanou, M-E., Dundon, N. M., Bestelmeyer, P., Ioannou, C., Bender, S., Biscaldi, M., Smyrnis, N. & Klein, C., 30 Medi 2020, Yn: Scientific Reports. 10, 1, 16157.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  37. Cyhoeddwyd

    Electro-cortical correlates of multisensory integration using ecologically valid emotional stimuli: Differential effects for fear and disgust

    Stefanou, M. E., Dundon, N., Bestelmeyer, P., Koldewyn, K., Saville, C., Fleischhaker, C., Feige, B., Biscaldi, M., Smyrnis, N. & Klein, C., Maw 2019, Yn: Biological Psychology. 142, t. 132-139

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  38. Cyhoeddwyd

    Body self-discrepancies and social physique anxiety: the role of sex and the feared self

    Steer, R. & Woodman, T., 1 Ion 2008.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadleddPapur

  39. Cyhoeddwyd

    Global REACH 2018: Renal oxygen delivery is maintained during early acclimatization to 4330 m

    Steele, A. R., Tymko, M. M., Meah, V. L., Simpson, L., Gasho, C., Dawkins, T. G., Villafuerte, F. C., Ainslie, P. N., Stembridge, M., Moore, J. & Steinback, C. D., 1 Rhag 2020, Yn: American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology. 319, 6, t. F1081-F1089

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  40. Cyhoeddwyd

    Global REACH 2018: Volume regulation in high-altitude Andeans with and without chronic mountain sickness

    Steele, A., Tymko, M., Meah, V. L., Simpson, L., Gasho, C., Dawkins, T., Williams, A., Villafuerte, F., Vizcardo-Galindo, G., Figueroa-Mujíca, R. J., Ainslie, P., Stembridge, M., Moore, J. & Steinback, C., 1 Medi 2021, Yn: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 321, 3, t. R504-R512

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  41. Cyhoeddwyd

    MRNIP/C5orf45 Interacts with the MRN Complex and Contributes to the DNA Damage Response

    Staples, C. J., Barone, G., Myers, K. N., Ganesh, A., Gibbs-Seymour, I., Patil, A. A., Beveridge, R. D., Daye, C., Beniston, R., Maslen, S., Ahel, I., Skehel, J. M. & Collis, S. J., 6 Medi 2016, Yn: Cell. 16, 10, t. 2565-75 11 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  42. Cyhoeddwyd

    Ccdc13 is a novel human centriolar satellite protein required for ciliogenesis and genome stability

    Staples, C. J., Myers, K. N., Beveridge, R. D., Patil, A. A., Howard, A. E., Barone, G., Lee, A. J., Swanton, C., Howell, M., Maslen, S., Skehel, J. M., Boutlon, S. J. & Collis, S. J., 1 Gorff 2014, Yn: Journal of Cell Science. 127, t. 2910-2919

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  43. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evaluation of the NSPCC Speak out Stay safe programme: Final report

    Stanley, N., Barter, C., Batool, F., Farrelly, N., Kasperkiewicz, D., Radford, L., Edwards, R. T., Winrow, E., Charles, J., Devaney, J., Kurdi, Z., Ozdemir, U., Monks, C., Thompson, T., Hayes, D., Kelly, B. & Millar, A., Hyd 2021, Prifysgol Bangor University. 88 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/AdroddiadAdoddiad Arall

  44. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evaluation of the NSPCC Speak out Stay safe programme: Summary

    Stanley, N., Barter, C., Batool, F., Farrelly, N., Kasperkiewicz, D., Radford, L., Edwards, R. T., Winrow, E., Charles, J., Devaney, J., Kurdi, Z., Ozdemir, U., Monks, C., Thompson, T., Hayes, D., Kelly, B. & Millar, A., Hyd 2021, Prifysgol Bangor University. 14 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/AdroddiadAdoddiad Arall

  45. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evaluation of the NSPCC Speak out Stay safe programme: Appendices

    Stanley, N., Barter, C., Batool, F., Farrelly, N., Kasperkiewicz, D., Radford, L., Edwards, R. T., Winrow, E., Charles, J., Devaney, J., Kurdi, Z., Ozdemir, U., Monks, C., Thompson, T., Hayes, D., Kelly, B. & Millar, A., Hyd 2021, Prifysgol Bangor University. 146 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/AdroddiadAdoddiad Arall

  46. E-gyhoeddi cyn argraffu

    There's only room for one of us in this relationship”: Examining the role of the dark triad in high-performance dyad

    Stanford, J., Roberts, R., Johnston, J., Sarkar, M. & Healy, L., Awst 2024, Yn: Personality and Individual Differences. 226, 112688.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  47. Cyhoeddwyd

    Staff behaviour and resident engagement before and after active support training

    Stancliffe, R. J., Harman, A. D., Toogood, S. & McVilly, K. R., 2008, Yn: Journal of Intellectual and Development Disability. 33, 3, t. 257-270 14 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  48. Cyhoeddwyd

    Staffing numbers and active support: a case study

    Stancliffe, R. J., Harman, A. D., Toogood, S. & McVilly, K. R., 2011, Yn: Tizard Learning Disability Review. 16, 3, t. 21-30 10 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  49. Cyhoeddwyd

    Staffing level and active support

    Stancliffe, R. J., Harman, A. D., Toogood, S. & Mcvilly, K. R., 10 Meh 2009, Yn: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 6, 3, t. 149 1 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynCrynodeb Cyfarfodadolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  50. Cyhoeddwyd

    Staffing numbers and active support: A Case Study

    Stancliffe, R. J., Harman, A. D., Toogood, S. & McVilly, K. R., 1 Ion 2009.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadleddPapur