TY - JOUR

T1 - Frequency, prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with visual hallucinations in a sample of patients with Parkinson's disease

T2 - a longitudinal 4-year study

AU - Gibson, G

AU - Mottram, P G

AU - Burn, D J

AU - Hindle, J V

AU - Landau, S

AU - Samuel, M

AU - Hurt, C S

AU - Brown, R G

AU - M Wilson, K C

N1 - Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PY - 2013/6

Y1 - 2013/6

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with visual hallucinations (VHs) amongst people suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD).METHODS: We recruited 513 patients with PD from movement disorder and PD clinics within three sites in the UK. Patients were interviewed using a series of standardised clinical rating scales at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months. Data relating to VHs were collected using the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview. Prevalence rates for VHs at each assessment were recorded. Associations were determined using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: Cross-sectional prevalence rates for VHs at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months indicated VHs in approximately 50% of patients. A cumulative frequency of 82.7% of cases at the end of the study period exhibited VHs. The incidence rate for VHs was 457 cases per 1000 population. Longer disease duration, greater impairment in activities of daily living and higher rates of anxiety were most commonly associated with VHs. No factors predictive of VHs could be ascertained.CONCLUSIONS: When examined longitudinally, VHs affect more patients than is commonly assumed in cross-sectional prevalence studies. Clinicians should routinely screen for VHs throughout the disease course. Disease duration, impairment in activities of daily living and anxiety presented as co-morbidities associated with VHs in PD, and therefore those presenting with VHs should be screened for anxiety disorder and vice versa.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with visual hallucinations (VHs) amongst people suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD).METHODS: We recruited 513 patients with PD from movement disorder and PD clinics within three sites in the UK. Patients were interviewed using a series of standardised clinical rating scales at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months. Data relating to VHs were collected using the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview. Prevalence rates for VHs at each assessment were recorded. Associations were determined using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: Cross-sectional prevalence rates for VHs at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months indicated VHs in approximately 50% of patients. A cumulative frequency of 82.7% of cases at the end of the study period exhibited VHs. The incidence rate for VHs was 457 cases per 1000 population. Longer disease duration, greater impairment in activities of daily living and higher rates of anxiety were most commonly associated with VHs. No factors predictive of VHs could be ascertained.CONCLUSIONS: When examined longitudinally, VHs affect more patients than is commonly assumed in cross-sectional prevalence studies. Clinicians should routinely screen for VHs throughout the disease course. Disease duration, impairment in activities of daily living and anxiety presented as co-morbidities associated with VHs in PD, and therefore those presenting with VHs should be screened for anxiety disorder and vice versa.

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Aged, 80 and over

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Female

KW - Hallucinations

KW - Humans

KW - Incidence

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Parkinson Disease

KW - Prevalence

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Regression Analysis

KW - Risk Factors

KW - United Kingdom

KW - Journal Article

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

U2 - 10.1002/gps.3869

DO - 10.1002/gps.3869

M3 - Article

C2 - 22927195

VL - 28

SP - 626

EP - 631

JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

SN - 0885-6230

IS - 6

ER -