TY - JOUR

T1 - In vitro assessment of engineered nanomaterials using a hepatocyte cell line

T2 - cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and functional markers

AU - Kermanizadeh, Ali

AU - Pojana, Giulio

AU - Gaiser, Birgit K

AU - Birkedal, Renie

AU - Bilanicová, Dagmar

AU - Wallin, Håkan

AU - Jensen, Keld Alstrup

AU - Sellergren, Börje

AU - Hutchison, Gary R

AU - Marcomini, Antonio

AU - Stone, Vicki

PY - 2013/5

Y1 - 2013/5

N2 - Effects on the liver C3A cell line treated with a panel of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) consisting of two zinc oxide particles (ZnO; coated 100 nm and uncoated 130 nm), two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), one silver (Ag < 20 nm), one 7 nm anatase, two rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (10 and 94 nm) and two derivatives with positive and negative covalent functionalisation of the 10 nm rutile were evaluated. The silver particles elicited the greatest level of cytotoxicity (24 h LC50 - 2 µg/cm(2)). The silver was followed by the uncoated ZnO (24 h LC50 - 7.5 µg/cm(2)) and coated ZnO (24 h LC50 - 15 µg/cm(2)) particles with respect to cytotoxicity. The ZnO NMs were found to be about 50-60% soluble which could account for their toxicity. By contrast, the Ag was <1% soluble. The LC50 was not attained in the presence of any of the other engineered NMs (up to 80 µg/cm(2)). All NMs significantly increased IL-8 production. Meanwhile, no significant change in TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP was detected. Urea and albumin production were measured as indicators of hepatic function. These markers were only altered by the coated and uncoated ZnO, which significantly decreased albumin production.

AB - Effects on the liver C3A cell line treated with a panel of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) consisting of two zinc oxide particles (ZnO; coated 100 nm and uncoated 130 nm), two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), one silver (Ag < 20 nm), one 7 nm anatase, two rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (10 and 94 nm) and two derivatives with positive and negative covalent functionalisation of the 10 nm rutile were evaluated. The silver particles elicited the greatest level of cytotoxicity (24 h LC50 - 2 µg/cm(2)). The silver was followed by the uncoated ZnO (24 h LC50 - 7.5 µg/cm(2)) and coated ZnO (24 h LC50 - 15 µg/cm(2)) particles with respect to cytotoxicity. The ZnO NMs were found to be about 50-60% soluble which could account for their toxicity. By contrast, the Ag was <1% soluble. The LC50 was not attained in the presence of any of the other engineered NMs (up to 80 µg/cm(2)). All NMs significantly increased IL-8 production. Meanwhile, no significant change in TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP was detected. Urea and albumin production were measured as indicators of hepatic function. These markers were only altered by the coated and uncoated ZnO, which significantly decreased albumin production.

KW - Albumins/metabolism

KW - Analysis of Variance

KW - Biomarkers/metabolism

KW - Cell Line, Tumor

KW - Cell Survival/drug effects

KW - Cytokines/metabolism

KW - Hepatocytes/cytology

KW - Humans

KW - Nanostructures/toxicity

KW - Silver/toxicity

KW - Titanium/toxicity

KW - Urea/metabolism

KW - Zinc Oxide/toxicity

U2 - 10.3109/17435390.2011.653416

DO - 10.3109/17435390.2011.653416

M3 - Article

C2 - 22263564

VL - 7

SP - 301

EP - 313

JO - Nanotoxicology

JF - Nanotoxicology

SN - 1743-5390

IS - 3

ER -