TY - JOUR

T1 - IOC consensus statement

T2 - dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete

AU - Maughan, Ronald J

AU - Burke, Louise M

AU - Dvorak, Jiri

AU - Larson-Meyer, D Enette

AU - Peeling, Peter

AU - Phillips, Stuart M

AU - Rawson, Eric S

AU - Walsh, Neil P

AU - Garthe, Ina

AU - Geyer, Hans

AU - Meeusen, Romain

AU - van Loon, Lucas J C

AU - Shirreffs, Susan M

AU - Spriet, Lawrence L

AU - Stuart, Mark

AU - Vernec, Alan

AU - Currell, Kevin

AU - Ali, Vidya M

AU - Budgett, Richard Gm

AU - Ljungqvist, Arne

AU - Mountjoy, Margo

AU - Pitsiladis, Yannis P

AU - Soligard, Torbjørn

AU - Erdener, Uğur

AU - Engebretsen, Lars

N1 - © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

PY - 2018/4

Y1 - 2018/4

N2 - Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.

AB - Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.

KW - Athletes

KW - Athletic Performance

KW - Consensus

KW - Diet

KW - Dietary Supplements

KW - Humans

KW - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027

DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027

M3 - Article

C2 - 29540367

VL - 52

SP - 439

EP - 455

JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine

JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine

SN - 0306-3674

IS - 7

ER -