Although leadership research has emphasised the influence of coaches, there is an emerging understanding of the impact of athlete leaders. Unfortunately, the literature has not considered these two leadership sources in concert, precluding a comparison of their potentially distinct roles. Hence, the present study conducted a meta-analytical review of the leadership-cohesion relationship, with the primary aims of quantifying the influence of coach and athlete leaders and assessing likely moderating variables. To reduce publication bias, data sources included both published journal articles and unpublished doctoral theses indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Only full-text English language papers that administered a quantitative measure of leadership and cohesion were eligible, 37 studies were identified. A random-effects meta-analytical model revealed a statistically significant (p < .001) moderate positive relationship between global leadership and overall (r = .27, CI95 = .24, .33, n = 37), task (r = .30, CI95 = .26, .36, n = 35), as well as social cohesion (r = .24, CI95 = .20, .28, n = 33). Significant (p