Metagenomic covariation along densely sampled environmental gradients in the Red Sea

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  • Luke R. Thompson
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia University of California, San Diego
  • Gareth Williams
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla
  • Mohamed F. Haroon
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
  • Ahmed Shibl
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
  • Peter Larsen
    Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.
  • Joshua Shorenstein
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla
  • Rob Knight
    University of California, San Diego
  • Ulrich Stingl
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Oceanic microbial diversity covaries with physicochemical parameters. Temperature, for example, explains approximately half of global variation in surface taxonomic abundance. It is unknown, however, whether covariation patterns hold over narrower parameter gradients and spatial scales, and extending to mesopelagic depths. We collected and sequenced 45 epipelagic and mesopelagic microbial metagenomes on a meridional transect through the eastern Red Sea. We asked which environmental parameters explain the most variation in relative abundances of taxonomic groups, gene ortholog groups, and pathways -- at a spatial scale of <2000 km, along narrow but well-defined latitudinal and depth-dependent gradients. We also asked how microbes are adapted to gradients and extremes in irradiance, temperature, salinity, and nutrients, examining the responses of individual gene ortholog groups to these parameters. Functional and taxonomic metrics were equally well explained (75-79%) by environmental parameters. However, only functional and not taxonomic covariation patterns were conserved when comparing with an intruding water mass with different physicochemical properties. Temperature explained the most variation in each metric, followed by nitrate, chlorophyll, phosphate, and salinity. That nitrate explained more variation than phosphate suggested nitrogen limitation, consistent with low surface N:P ratios. Covariation of gene ortholog groups with environmental parameters revealed patterns of functional adaptation to the challenging Red Sea environment: high irradiance, temperature, salinity, and low nutrients. Nutrient acquisition gene ortholog groups were anticorrelated with concentrations of their respective nutrient species, recapturing trends previously observed across much larger distances and environmental gradients. This dataset of metagenomic covariation along densely sampled environmental gradients includes online data exploration supplements, serving as a community resource for marine microbial ecology.
Iaith wreiddiolSaesneg
Tudalennau (o-i)138-151
CyfnodolynISME Journal
Cyfrol11
Dyddiad ar-lein cynnar15 Gorff 2016
Dynodwyr Gwrthrych Digidol (DOIs)
StatwsCyhoeddwyd - Ion 2017

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