TY - CHAP

T1 - Sea ice, ice drift, and oceanic circulation

AU - Thomas, David N.

AU - Cottier, Finlo R.

AU - Brandon, Mark A.

N1 - This is an update of Chapter of same name, by same authors in 2017

PY - 2019/3/27

Y1 - 2019/3/27

N2 - The episodic freezing over of the surface waters is arguably the most striking feature of the Southern and Arctic Oceans as well as some subarctic oceans such as the Baltic and Okhotsk Seas. Millions of square kilometers of ocean are covered by ephemeral layers of ice that are on average less than 1 m thick. This pack ice is highly dynamic, drifting on the underlying ocean currents, and its distribution is greatly influenced by prevailing winds. The ice is not simply an impervious layer of frozen water, but does in fact provide a variety of habitats to create a productive biome which is pertinent in the biogeochemical processes in the surface waters and at the air–ocean interface.

AB - The episodic freezing over of the surface waters is arguably the most striking feature of the Southern and Arctic Oceans as well as some subarctic oceans such as the Baltic and Okhotsk Seas. Millions of square kilometers of ocean are covered by ephemeral layers of ice that are on average less than 1 m thick. This pack ice is highly dynamic, drifting on the underlying ocean currents, and its distribution is greatly influenced by prevailing winds. The ice is not simply an impervious layer of frozen water, but does in fact provide a variety of habitats to create a productive biome which is pertinent in the biogeochemical processes in the surface waters and at the air–ocean interface.

U2 - 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0395.pub2

DO - 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0395.pub2

M3 - Chapter

BT - International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology

A2 - Richardson, D.

A2 - Castree, N.

A2 - Goodchild, M.F.

A2 - Kobayashi, A.

A2 - Liu, W.

A2 - Marston, R.A.

PB - John Wiley & Sons

ER -