TY - JOUR

T1 - Climatic similarity and genomic background shape the extent of parallel adaptation in Timema stick insects

AU - Chaturvedi, Samridhi

AU - Gompert, Zachariah

AU - Feder, Jeffrey

AU - Osborne, Owen

AU - Muschick, Moritz

AU - Riesch, Rudiger

AU - Soria-Carrasco, Víctor

AU - Nosil, Patrik

N1 - © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Evolution can repeat itself, resulting in parallel adaptations in independent lineages occupying similar environments. Moreover, parallel evolution sometimes, but not always, uses the same genes. Two main hypotheses have been put forth to explain the probability and extent of parallel evolution. First, parallel evolution is more likely when shared ecologies result in similar patterns of natural selection in different taxa. Second, parallelism is more likely when genomes are similar because of shared standing variation and similar mutational effects in closely related genomes. Here we combine ecological, genomic, experimental and phenotypic data with Bayesian modelling and randomization tests to quantify the degree of parallelism and its relationship with ecology and genetics. Our results show that the extent to which genomic regions associated with climate are parallel among species of Timema stick insects is shaped collectively by shared ecology and genomic background. Specifically, the extent of genomic parallelism decays with divergence in climatic conditions (that is, habitat or ecological similarity) and genomic similarity. Moreover, we find that climate-associated loci are likely subject to selection in a field experiment, overlap with genetic regions associated with cuticular hydrocarbon traits and are not strongly shaped by introgression between species. Our findings shed light on when evolution is most expected to repeat itself.

AB - Evolution can repeat itself, resulting in parallel adaptations in independent lineages occupying similar environments. Moreover, parallel evolution sometimes, but not always, uses the same genes. Two main hypotheses have been put forth to explain the probability and extent of parallel evolution. First, parallel evolution is more likely when shared ecologies result in similar patterns of natural selection in different taxa. Second, parallelism is more likely when genomes are similar because of shared standing variation and similar mutational effects in closely related genomes. Here we combine ecological, genomic, experimental and phenotypic data with Bayesian modelling and randomization tests to quantify the degree of parallelism and its relationship with ecology and genetics. Our results show that the extent to which genomic regions associated with climate are parallel among species of Timema stick insects is shaped collectively by shared ecology and genomic background. Specifically, the extent of genomic parallelism decays with divergence in climatic conditions (that is, habitat or ecological similarity) and genomic similarity. Moreover, we find that climate-associated loci are likely subject to selection in a field experiment, overlap with genetic regions associated with cuticular hydrocarbon traits and are not strongly shaped by introgression between species. Our findings shed light on when evolution is most expected to repeat itself.

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01909-6

DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01909-6

M3 - Article

C2 - 36280782

VL - 6

SP - 1952

EP - 1964

JO - Nature Ecology and Evolution

JF - Nature Ecology and Evolution

SN - 2397-334X

IS - 12

ER -