TY - JOUR

T1 - Deep transfer learning in human–robot interaction for cognitive and physical rehabilitation purposes

AU - Muhammad Aqdus Ilyas, Chaudhary

AU - Rehm, Matthias

AU - Nasrollahi, Kamal

AU - Madadi, Yeganeh

AU - B. Moeslund, Thomas

AU - Seydi, Vahid

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - This paper presents the extraction of the emotional signals from traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients through the analysis of facial features and implementation of the effective emotion-recognition model through the Pepper robot to assist in the rehabilitation process. The identification of emotional cues from TBI patients is very challenging due to unique and diverse psychological, physiological, and behavioral challenges such as non-cooperation, facial/body paralysis, upper or lower limb impairments, cognitive, motor, and hearing skills inhibition. It is essential to read subtle changes in the emotional cues of TBI patients for effective communication and the development of affect-based systems. To analyze the variations of the emotional signal in TBI patients, a new database is collected in a natural and unconstrained environment from eleven residents of a neurological center in three different modalities, RGB, thermal and depth in three specified scenarios performing physical, cognitive and social communication rehabilitation activities. Due to the lack of labeled data, a deep transfer learning method is applied to efficiently classify emotions. The emotion classification model is tested through closed-field study and installment of a Pepper robot equipped with the trained model. Our deep trained and fine-tuned emotional recognition model composed of CNN-LSTM has improved the performance by 1.47% on MMI, and 4.96% on FER2013 validation data set. In addition, use of temporal information and transfer learning techniques to overcome TBI-data limitations has increased the performance efficacy on challenging dataset of neurologically impaired people. Findings that emerged from the study illustrate the noticeable effectiveness of SoftBank Pepper robot equipped with deep trained emotion recognition model in developing rehabilitation strategies by monitoring the TBI patient’s emotions. This research article presents the technical solution for real therapeutic robot interaction to rehabilitate patients with standard monitoring, assessment, and feedback in the neuro centers.

AB - This paper presents the extraction of the emotional signals from traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients through the analysis of facial features and implementation of the effective emotion-recognition model through the Pepper robot to assist in the rehabilitation process. The identification of emotional cues from TBI patients is very challenging due to unique and diverse psychological, physiological, and behavioral challenges such as non-cooperation, facial/body paralysis, upper or lower limb impairments, cognitive, motor, and hearing skills inhibition. It is essential to read subtle changes in the emotional cues of TBI patients for effective communication and the development of affect-based systems. To analyze the variations of the emotional signal in TBI patients, a new database is collected in a natural and unconstrained environment from eleven residents of a neurological center in three different modalities, RGB, thermal and depth in three specified scenarios performing physical, cognitive and social communication rehabilitation activities. Due to the lack of labeled data, a deep transfer learning method is applied to efficiently classify emotions. The emotion classification model is tested through closed-field study and installment of a Pepper robot equipped with the trained model. Our deep trained and fine-tuned emotional recognition model composed of CNN-LSTM has improved the performance by 1.47% on MMI, and 4.96% on FER2013 validation data set. In addition, use of temporal information and transfer learning techniques to overcome TBI-data limitations has increased the performance efficacy on challenging dataset of neurologically impaired people. Findings that emerged from the study illustrate the noticeable effectiveness of SoftBank Pepper robot equipped with deep trained emotion recognition model in developing rehabilitation strategies by monitoring the TBI patient’s emotions. This research article presents the technical solution for real therapeutic robot interaction to rehabilitate patients with standard monitoring, assessment, and feedback in the neuro centers.

KW - Assessment and monitoring

KW - Assistive care

KW - Augmentative and Assistive Technology (AAT)

KW - Cognitive social and physical therapy

KW - Deep transfer learning

KW - Emotion recognition

KW - Human-robot interaction

KW - Rehabilitation strategies

KW - TBI patients database

KW - Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

U2 - 10.1007/s10044-021-00988-8

DO - 10.1007/s10044-021-00988-8

M3 - Article

VL - 25

SP - 653

EP - 677

JO - Pattern Analysis and Applications

JF - Pattern Analysis and Applications

SN - 1433-7541

IS - 3

M1 - 653-677

ER -