Does willingness to care fluctuate over time? A weekly diary study among informal caregivers.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Electronic versions

  • Giulia Ferraris
    Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
  • Mikołaj Zarzycki
    Liverpool Hope University
  • Pierre Gérain
    Vrije Universiteit Brussel
  • Saif Elayan
    Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
  • Val Morrison
  • Robbert Sanderman
    Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
  • Mariët Hagedoorn
    Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Objective
Informal caregivers are expected to be willing to care for relatives with care needs. Little is known about whether and how willingness to care changes over time. Using a weekly diary study, we examined changes in the willingness of 955 caregivers from nine countries. Caregivers provided information on their caregiving context, relationship type, and relationship satisfaction with the care recipient.

Methods and measures
For 24 consecutive weeks, caregivers evaluated willingness to care as it was ‘right now’.

Results
Willingness differs from one caregiver to another (68% between-level variability) but also fluctuates in the same caregiver from week to week (32% within-level variability), with a decrease over 6 months (intercept = 8.55; slope = −0.93; p < .001). Regardless of individual differences in average willingness to care based on caregiving context and relationship satisfaction, caregivers reported decreases in willingness. Caregivers who presented one or more health conditions themselves reported higher weekly fluctuations in willingness than caregivers with no health conditions.

Conclusion
Willingness is not a stable attitude because it decreases and caregivers experience fluctuations from week to week. A clearer understanding of weekly processes is optimal for monitoring the caregivers’ well-being and tailoring interventions in line with weekly individual variations.

Keywords

  • informal caregiver, Willingness to care, intensive longitudinal design, weekly diary study, within-processes, between-differences
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages19
JournalPsychology and Health
Early online date22 Aug 2023
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 22 Aug 2023

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