Functionality screening to help design effective materials for radioiodine abatement

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  • Thomas Robshaw
    Nuclear Engineering Group, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, United KingdomSeparations and Nuclear Chemical Engineering Research (SNUCER), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
  • Joshua Turner
    National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK
  • Olivia Tuck
    National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK
  • Caroline Pyke
    National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK
  • Sarah Kearney
    a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U
  • Marco Simoni
    a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U
  • Clint Sharrad
    Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
  • Brant Walkley
    a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U
  • Mark Ogden
This paper is part of a growing body of research work looking at the synthesis of an optimal adsorbent for the capture and containment of aqueous radioiodine from nuclear fuel reprocessing waste. 32 metalated commercial ion exchange resins were subjected to a two-tier screening assessment for their capabilities in the uptake of iodide from aqueous solutions. The first stage determined that there was appreciable iodide capacity across the adsorbent range (12–220 mg·g−1). Candidates with loading capacities above 40 mg·g−1 were progressed to the second stage of testing, which was a fractional factorial experimental approach. The different adsorbents were treated as discrete variables and concentrations of iodide, co-contaminants and protons (pH) as continuous variables. This gave rise to a range of extreme conditions, which were representative of the industrial challenges of radioiodine abatement. Results were fitted to linear regression models, both for the whole dataset (R2 = 59%) and for individual materials (R2 = 18–82%). The overall model determined that iodide concentration, nitrate concentration, pH and interactions between these factors had significant influences on the uptake. From these results, the top six materials were selected for project progression, with others discounted due to either poor uptake or noticeable iodide salt precipitation behaviour. These candidates exhibited reasonable iodide uptake in most experimental conditions (average of >20 mg·g−1 hydrated mass), comparing favourably with literature values for metallated adsorbents. Ag-loaded Purolite S914 (thiourea functionality) was the overall best-performing material, although some salt precipitation was observed in basic conditions. Matrix effects not withstanding it is recommended that metalated thiourea, bispicolylamine, and aminomethylphosphonic acid functionalized silicas warrant further exploration.

Keywords

  • functionality, experimental design, screening, selectivity, radioiodine, adsorption, metal-loaded resin
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)997147
Number of pages16
JournalFrontiers
Volume10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 Oct 2022
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