Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement

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  • Ruben van Hooidonk
    NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, USA
  • Jeffrey A. Maynard
    SymbioSeas and the Marine Applied Research Center, Wilmington, USA
  • Jerker Tamelander
    United Nations Environment Programme
  • Jamison M. Gove
    NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu
  • Gabby N. Ahmadia
    World Wildlife Fund
  • Laurie Raymundo
    University of Guam Marine Laboratory
  • Gareth Williams
  • Scott F. Heron
    NOAA Coral Reef Watch
  • Serge Planes
    Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL» Papetoai, Moorea
Increasingly frequent severe coral bleaching is among the greatest threats to coral reefs posed by climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) project great spatial variation in the timing of annual severe bleaching (ASB) conditions; a point at which reefs are certain to change and recovery will be limited. However, previous model-resolution projections (~1 × 1°) are too coarse to inform conservation planning. To meet the need for higher-resolution projections, we generated statistically downscaled projections (4-km resolution) for all coral reefs; these projections reveal high local-scale variation in ASB. Timing of ASB varies >10 years in 71 of the 87 countries and territories with >500 km2 of reef area. Emissions scenario RCP4.5 represents lower emissions mid-century than will eventuate if pledges made following the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference (COP21) become reality. These pledges do little to provide reefs with more time to adapt and acclimate prior to severe bleaching conditions occurring annually. RCP4.5 adds 11 years to the global average ASB timing when compared to RCP8.5; however, >75% of reefs still experience ASB before 2070 under RCP4.5. Coral reef futures clearly vary greatly among and within countries, indicating the projections warrant consideration in most reef areas during conservation and management planning.
Original languageEnglish
Article number39666
JournalScientific Reports
Volume6
Early online date21 Dec 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2016

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