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Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications

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Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications. / Howlett, E.R.; Bowers, D.G.; Malarkey, J. et al.
In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 161, 20.04.2015, p. 1-10.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

HarvardHarvard

Howlett, ER, Bowers, DG, Malarkey, J & Jago, CF 2015, 'Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 161, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

APA

Howlett, E. R., Bowers, D. G., Malarkey, J., & Jago, C. F. (2015). Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

CBE

Howlett ER, Bowers DG, Malarkey J, Jago CF. 2015. Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 161:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

MLA

Howlett, E.R. et al. "Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2015, 161. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

VancouverVancouver

Howlett ER, Bowers DG, Malarkey J, Jago CF. Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2015 Apr 20;161:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

Author

Howlett, E.R. ; Bowers, D.G. ; Malarkey, J. et al. / Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications. In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2015 ; Vol. 161. pp. 1-10.

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front: Causes and implications

AU - Howlett, E.R.

AU - Bowers, D.G.

AU - Malarkey, J.

AU - Jago, C.F.

PY - 2015/4/20

Y1 - 2015/4/20

N2 - Flood tide salinity stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front is revealed with new data. The data were collected during sampling campaigns in the Conwy estuary, North Wales, the location of a previous study for axial convergent fronts. The stratification, with a maximum observed vertical density difference of 5 kg m−3, begins as soon as the saline intrusion arrives and lasts throughout the flood tide. The flood stratification is shown to be caused by a tidal straining-type process. The along-channel shear is modified by cross-channel currents developed during the formation of the convergent front such that surface currents are smaller than those at mid-depth. The modified shear interacts with the horizontal density gradient to form the stratification on the flood tide. Implications for the turbulence and sediment transport regime in the estuary are discussed.

AB - Flood tide salinity stratification in the presence of an axial convergent front is revealed with new data. The data were collected during sampling campaigns in the Conwy estuary, North Wales, the location of a previous study for axial convergent fronts. The stratification, with a maximum observed vertical density difference of 5 kg m−3, begins as soon as the saline intrusion arrives and lasts throughout the flood tide. The flood stratification is shown to be caused by a tidal straining-type process. The along-channel shear is modified by cross-channel currents developed during the formation of the convergent front such that surface currents are smaller than those at mid-depth. The modified shear interacts with the horizontal density gradient to form the stratification on the flood tide. Implications for the turbulence and sediment transport regime in the estuary are discussed.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.04.003

M3 - Article

VL - 161

SP - 1

EP - 10

JO - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

SN - 0272-7714

ER -