TY - JOUR

T1 - The effect of root-associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations

AU - Formenti, Ludovico

AU - Caggìa, Veronica

AU - Puissant, Jérémy

AU - Goodall, Tim

AU - Glauser, Gaétan

AU - Griffiths, Robert

AU - Rasmann, Sergio

PY - 2021/1/10

Y1 - 2021/1/10

N2 - Abstract Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti-herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment. Root-associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and subalpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti-herbivore defence trait expression. To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high- and low-elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full-factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses. We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high- and low-elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own-elevation RAMs. We also found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low-elevation RAMs. Synthesis. Our research demonstrated that root-associated microbes (RAMs) from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.

AB - Abstract Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti-herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment. Root-associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and subalpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti-herbivore defence trait expression. To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high- and low-elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full-factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses. We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high- and low-elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own-elevation RAMs. We also found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low-elevation RAMs. Synthesis. Our research demonstrated that root-associated microbes (RAMs) from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.

KW - broad-leaf plantain

KW - caffeoyl phenylethanoïd glycosides

KW - endophytes

KW - iridoid glycosides

KW - mycorrhizal fungi

KW - plant growth-promoting bacteria

KW - secondary metabolites

U2 - 10.1111/1365-2745.13440

DO - 10.1111/1365-2745.13440

M3 - Article

VL - 109

SP - 38

EP - 50

JO - Journal of Ecology

JF - Journal of Ecology

SN - 0022-0477

IS - 1

ER -