Rewilding has become a hot topic in recent years, sparking passionate debate across society. For many rewilding presents an exciting possibility to restore our environment and reconnect with the natural world. For others, it is more threatening – in terms of the potential impacts on agriculture and rural heritage. The conference provided an opportunity for academics and practitioners across Europe to come together to set a research agenda to evaluate the opportunities and threats that rewilding poses. These were connected to NRN LCEE priority themes by exploring how rewilding intersects with questions of sustainable land-use transition, food security, rural development and community resilience.