Does the Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis carinatus sochureki) show phenotypic plasticity of venom composition in response to dietary change?

  • Ben Box

    Research areas

  • Phenotypic plasticity, Snake venom, controlled feeding experiment, Echis carinatus sochureki, Master of Science by Research (MScRes)

Abstract

While the plasticity of snake venom composition has been investigated in a wide variety of contexts from ontogenetic (Alape-Girón et al., 2008; Cipriani et al., 2017; Gibbs et al., 2011; Guércio et al., 2006; López-Lozano et al., 2002; Madrigal et al., 2012; Wray et al., 2015; Zelanis et al., 2007; Zelanis et al., 2010) to seasonal variations (Antunes et al., 2010; Brahma et al., 2015; Sengupta et al., 1994), there is very little research at present that describes the effect of dietary change on the composition of venom in snakes. Gibbs et al., (2011) found some degree of plasticity in venom composition in response to dietary changes in adult Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbourin). However, this study was primarily designed to investigate ontogenetic changes in venom composition in the absence of dietary changes and the sample size for adult snakes was small thus making it hard to draw any solid conclusions regarding the presence of phenotypic plasticity of venom composition in response to dietary change. In this thesis, I aim to explore the current literature surrounding this topic and then present my own research. In my research I carried out a controlled feeding experiment on neonatal Echis carinatus sochureki, raising some on an invertebrate only diet while raising others on a vertebrate only diet. I then analysed the protein composition of venoms from snakes belonging to each group. While I did not find any significant difference in the venom composition of vertebrate and invertebrate feeding snakes, I did see a pattern of slower ontogenetic development of venom composition amongst the invertebrate feeding snakes in comparison to the vertebrate feeding snakes. This was coupled with a higher mortality rate among invertebrate feeders and a significantly lower average weight of invertebrate feeders compared to vertebrate feeders.

Details

Original languageEnglish
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Award date1 Jun 2023