The study of double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis has provided important information about the mechanisms involved. However, it has become clear that the resulting recombination models are only partially applicable to repair in mitotic cells, where crossover formation is suppressed. In recent years our understanding of double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe has increased significantly, and the identification of novel pathways and genes with homologues in higher eukaryotes has increased its value as a model organism for double-strand break repair. In this review we will focus on the involvement of homologous recombination and repair in different aspects of genome stability in Sz. pombe meiosis, replication and telomere maintenance. We will also discuss anti-recombination pathways (that suppress crossover formation), non-homologous end-joining, single-strand annealing and factors that influence the choice and prevalence of the different repair pathways in Sz. pombe.