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  • E.J. Sonuga-Barke
    University of Southampton
  • Joanne Barton
    North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust Stoke-on-Trent
  • David Daley
    University of Nottingham
  • Judith Hutchings
  • Tom Maishman
    University of Southampton
  • J. Raftery
    University of Southampton
  • Louise Stanton
    University of Southampton
  • C. Laver-Bradbury
    CAMHS, Solent NHS Trust, Better Care Centre, Southampton
  • Maria Chorozoglou
    University of Southampton
  • David Coghill
    University of Southampton
  • Louisa Little
    University of Southampton
  • Martin Ruddock
    University of Southampton
  • Mike Radford
    University of Southampton
  • Guiqong LIly Yao
    University of Southampton
  • Louise Lee
    University of Southampton
  • Lisa Gould
    University of Southampton
  • Lisa Shipway
    University of Southampton
  • Pavlina Markomichali
    University of Southampton
  • James McGuirk
    North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust Stoke-on-Trent
  • Michelle Lowe
    North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust Stoke-on-Trent
  • Elvira Perez
    University of Nottingham
  • Joanna Lockwood
    University of Nottingham
  • Margaret Thompson
    University of Southampton
The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and cost of specialised individually delivered parent training (PT) for preschool children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) against generic group-based PT and treatment as usual (TAU). This is a multi-centre three-arm, parallel group randomised controlled trial conducted in National Health Service Trusts. The participants included in this study were preschool children (33– 54 months) fulfilling ADHD research diagnostic criteria. New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP)—12-week individual, home-delivered ADHD PT programme; Incredible Years (IY)—12-week group-based, PT programme initiallydesigned for children with behaviour problems were the interventions. Primary outcome—Parent ratings of child’s ADHD symptoms (Swanson, Nolan & Pelham Questionnaire— SNAP-IV). Secondary outcomes—teacher ratings (SNAP-IV) and direct observations of ADHD symptoms and parent/teacher ratings of conduct problems. NFPP, IY and TAU outcomes were measured at baseline (T1) and post treatment (T2). NFPP and IY outcomes only were measured 6 months post treatment (T3). Researchers, but not therapists or parents, were blind to treatment allocation. Analysis employed mixed effect regression models (multiple imputations). Intervention and other costs were estimated usingparent-rated SNAP-IV, ADHD combined symptoms [mean difference − 0.009 95% CI (− 0.191, 0.173), p = 0.921] or any other measure. Small, non-significant, benefits of NFPP over TAU were seen for parent-rated SNAP-IV, ADHD combined symptoms [− 0.189 95% CI (− 0.380, 0.003), p = 0.053]. NFPP significantly reduced parent-rated conduct problems compared to TAU across scales (p values < 0.05). No significant benefits of IY over TAU were seen for parent-rated SNAP, ADHD symptoms [− 0.16 95% CI (− 0.37, 0.04), p = 0.121] or parent-rated conduct problems (p > 0.05). The cost per family of providing NFPP in the trial was significantly lower than IY (£1591 versus £2103). Although, there were no differences between NFPP and IY with regards clinical effectiveness, individually delivered NFPP cost less. However, this difference may be reduced when implemented in routine clinical practice. Clinical decisions should take into account parental preferences between delivery approaches

Keywords

  • ADHD · New Forest · Parenting Programme · NFPP · Parenting · Incredible Years · IY
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)797-809
JournalEuropean Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume27
Issue number6
Early online date30 Oct 2017
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2018

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