TY - JOUR

T1 - Experimental Demonstrations of High-Accuracy 3D/2D Indoor Visible Light Positioning Using Imaging MIMO Receivers and Artificial Neural Networks

AU - Apolo, Juan A.

AU - Osahon, Isaac N. O.

AU - Ortega, Beatriz

AU - Tang, Jianming

AU - Rajbhandari, Sujan

PY - 2025/2/7

Y1 - 2025/2/7

N2 - This paper proposes and presents the first experimental demonstration of a high-precision indoor 2D and 3D visible light positioning (VLP) system using an imaging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration with supervised artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed system utilizes four distributed transmitters and receivers with four photodiodes and an imaging optics. The experiments are conducted in a typical indoor environment withtransmitter separations of 300 mm and a link distance of 1400 mm. The experimental results show 2D and 3D positioning accuracies of 3.7 mm and 51 mm, respectively. A simulation model is also developed for the VLP systemto verify the experimental results. Further optimization of the VLP system in the simulation platform leads to improved 2D and 3D positioning accuracies of 2 mm and 9.3 mm, respectively. The proposed system can seamlessly convergewith existing lighting infrastructures and is also compatible with the imaging MIMO visible light communication (VLC) system, indicating the potential for practical implementation in integrated communications and positioning applications

AB - This paper proposes and presents the first experimental demonstration of a high-precision indoor 2D and 3D visible light positioning (VLP) system using an imaging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration with supervised artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed system utilizes four distributed transmitters and receivers with four photodiodes and an imaging optics. The experiments are conducted in a typical indoor environment withtransmitter separations of 300 mm and a link distance of 1400 mm. The experimental results show 2D and 3D positioning accuracies of 3.7 mm and 51 mm, respectively. A simulation model is also developed for the VLP systemto verify the experimental results. Further optimization of the VLP system in the simulation platform leads to improved 2D and 3D positioning accuracies of 2 mm and 9.3 mm, respectively. The proposed system can seamlessly convergewith existing lighting infrastructures and is also compatible with the imaging MIMO visible light communication (VLC) system, indicating the potential for practical implementation in integrated communications and positioning applications

U2 - 10.1049/ote2.70000

DO - 10.1049/ote2.70000

M3 - Article

VL - 19

JO - IET Optoelectronics

JF - IET Optoelectronics

SN - 1751-8768

IS - 1

M1 - e7000

ER -