The livestock sector is under considerable pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Repeated measurements
of emissions over multiple years will indicate whether the industry is on course to successfully
meet emission reduction targets. Furthermore, repeated analyses of individual farm emissions over different
timeframes allow for a more representative measure of the carbon footprint (CF) of an agricultural product, as
one sampling period can vary substantially from another due to multiple stochastic variables. To explore this, a
CF was measured for 15 livestock enterprises that had been assessed three years previously. The aims of the research
were to: (1) objectively compare CFs between sampling periods; (2) assess the relationship between enterprise
CF and input efficiency; (3) use scenario analyses to determine potential mitigationmeasures. Overall, no
significant differencewas detected in beef and lamb enterprise CFs between the two sampling periods. However,
when all observationswere pooled together, the lowest-emitters were found to have more efficient systemswith
higher productivity with lower maintenance “overheads”, comparedwith their higher-emitting counterparts. Of
significance, scenario analyses revealed that the CF of beef and lamb could be reduced by 15% and 30.5%, respectively,
if all enterprises replicated the efficiency levels of the least-emitting producers. Encouraging and
implementing efficiency gains therefore offer the livestock industry an achievable method of considerably reducing
its contribution to GHG emissions.