Quantifying coral reef carbonate budgets: a comparison between ReefBudget and CoralNet

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  • Jyodee Sannassy Pilly
  • Joseph E. Townsend
    University of Puerto Rico
  • Cut Aja Gita Alisa
    IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Tries B. Razak
    IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
  • John Turner
  • Ronan Roche
  • Stephen Chan
    University of California, San Diego
  • David J. Kriegman
    University of California, San Diego
  • Andreas J. Andersson
    University of California, San Diego
  • Chris T. Perry
    University of Exeter
  • Ines D. Lange
    University of Exeter
  • Travis A. Courtney
    University of Puerto Rico
Calcium carbonate production constitutes one of the core processes that drive coral reef ecosystem functioning and can be assessed using in-water or image-based survey methods, which have not previously been compared. This study compares carbonate production estimates from in-water ReefBudget surveys and image-based CoralNet analyses in Puerto Rico, Indonesia, and Chagos Archipelago. Methods were compared for different regions (Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific), reef settings (low and high coral cover), CoralNet calcification versions (v1 and v2), and input metrics (regional vs. local coral growth rates). We show similar gross carbonate production estimates between methods, indicating that area-normalised scaling of calcification rates and assumptions about colony size and rugosity employed in CoralNet produce comparable estimates to ReefBudget surveys. Divergences in carbonate production estimates are potentially driven by differences in survey methods (reef contour measurements vs. planar imagery) and survey effort, which affect calcifier cover estimates, particularly at low coral cover sites. Local versus regional growth rate comparisons suggest site-specific factors can influence accuracy more than method choice. Our findings suggest that image-based methods can allow rapid reefscale calcification estimates from photo or video imagery. These methods, combined with machine learning substrate classification algorithms, can estimate both benthic cover and carbonate production over larger reef areas and can be applied to historically collect benthic cover data to track carbonate production trends. We encourage researchers to recognise situation-specific differences in methodologies and select the one most suitable for their specific study site, required level of accuracy, and time constraints for fieldwork and image analysis.

Keywords

  • Reef carbonate budgets · ReefBudget · CoralNet · In-water survey methods · Image-based approaches
Original languageEnglish
JournalCoral Reefs
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Mar 2025
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