TY - JOUR

T1 - SNPs, InDels, and Microsatellites within and near to Rice NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Candidates

AU - Steele, Katherine

AU - Quinton-Tulloch, Mark

PY - 2021/11/13

Y1 - 2021/11/13

N2 - Plant resistance genes (R-genes) drive the immune responses of crops against specific pathotypes of disease-causing organisms. Over time, genetic diversity in R-genes and R- pseudogenes has arisen among different rice varieties. This bioinformatics study was carried out to (i) predict the full sets of candidate nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R-genes pre- sent in six rice genomes; (ii) detect variation within candidate R-genes; (iii) identify potential se- lectable markers within and near to LRR genes among 75 diverse indica rice genomes. Four high quality indica genomes, plus the standard japonica and indica reference genomes, were analysed with widely available bioinformatic tools to identify candidate R-genes and R-pseudogenes. They were detected in clusters, consistent with previous studies. BLAST analysis of cloned protein sequences of 31 R-gene loci gave confidence in this approach for detection of cloned NLR R-genes. Approxi- mately 10% of candidate R-genes were located within 1 kb of a microsatellite (SSR) marker. Se- quence comparisons among indica rice genomes detected SNPs or InDels in 334 candidate rice R- genes. There were significantly more SNPs and InDels within the identified NLR R-gene candidates than in other types of gene. The genome-wide locations of candidate R-genes and their associated markers are presented here for the potential future development of improved disease-resistant va- rieties. Limitations of in silico approaches used for R-gene discovery are discussed.

AB - Plant resistance genes (R-genes) drive the immune responses of crops against specific pathotypes of disease-causing organisms. Over time, genetic diversity in R-genes and R- pseudogenes has arisen among different rice varieties. This bioinformatics study was carried out to (i) predict the full sets of candidate nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R-genes pre- sent in six rice genomes; (ii) detect variation within candidate R-genes; (iii) identify potential se- lectable markers within and near to LRR genes among 75 diverse indica rice genomes. Four high quality indica genomes, plus the standard japonica and indica reference genomes, were analysed with widely available bioinformatic tools to identify candidate R-genes and R-pseudogenes. They were detected in clusters, consistent with previous studies. BLAST analysis of cloned protein sequences of 31 R-gene loci gave confidence in this approach for detection of cloned NLR R-genes. Approxi- mately 10% of candidate R-genes were located within 1 kb of a microsatellite (SSR) marker. Se- quence comparisons among indica rice genomes detected SNPs or InDels in 334 candidate rice R- genes. There were significantly more SNPs and InDels within the identified NLR R-gene candidates than in other types of gene. The genome-wide locations of candidate R-genes and their associated markers are presented here for the potential future development of improved disease-resistant va- rieties. Limitations of in silico approaches used for R-gene discovery are discussed.

KW - Rice

M3 - Article

VL - 11

JO - Agronomy

JF - Agronomy

IS - 11

M1 - 2297

ER -