Are early adversities associated with traits resembling ASD in childhood?

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    Research areas

  • ASD; ACEs; trauma informed; early childhood; childhood maltreatment; ASD traits

Abstract

A rise in traits resembling Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children coincide with calls for less focus on diagnoses and more on understanding individual differences and needs. There is also growing recognition of the negative sequalae associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Results from studies exploring the associations between ACEs and ASD suggest that ACEs are associated with ASD traits but not ASD diagnoses. The current research seeks to confirm this reported association between ACEs and traits resembling ASD. It draws from a secondary dataset from a nationally representative longitudinal study (N = 332), the Cardiff Child Development Study (CCDS). The author coded and entered information from the available raw data, provided by parents recruited between Autumn 2005 and Summer 2007, to create new variables; a proxy ACE count and a measure of traits resembling ASD (N = 282). 60.3% of children in the subsample were coded as having had an ACE (i.e., abuse or household dysfunction) before the age of 7 years. Frequency of ACEs was not significantly different across gender though did occur more frequently in families with lower SES, p <0.05. The occurrence of traits resembling ASD was not significantly different across SES categories. Aspects of traits resembling ASD included impairments in communication, sociability, and flexibility, and were measured at three waves of the CCDS. Only the traits resembling ASD measured at Wave 6, when the children were 7 years of age, were considered reliable, α = 0.85. Wave 6 ASD measures were also valid due to their significant relationship with whether the child was referred for ASD, p = 0.004, and the items’ ecological validity. Traits resembling ASD were significantly different across ACE count categories, with higher impairments being associated with more ACEs. This difference only reached significance in relation to impaired sociability at Waves 4 and 6. Given its reliability and validity, the between-groups result in relation to the Wave 6 measure is of particular interest, p = 0.037. Relationships between ACEs and ASD traits reported in previous research were tentatively supported. Limitations included a potential for under-reporting some ACEs and over-reporting others, and a limited amount of available data related to ASD. In terms of clinical implications, results cautiously support the increased emphasis on children’s needs through a whole-systems approach. Clinicians may benefit from awareness that ACEs may be associated with impaired sociability.

Details

Original languageEnglish
Supervisors/Advisors
Thesis sponsors
  • Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships (KESS 2)
Award date5 Mar 2024