[Pre-Aug 2018] Ysgol Nyrsio, Bydwreigiaeth ac Astudiaethau Iechyd

  1. Erthygl › Ymchwil › Adolygwyd gan gymheiriaid
  2. Cyhoeddwyd

    Depression in Visual Impairment Trial (DEPVIT): A Randomized Clinical Trial of Depression Treatments in People With Low Vision

    Nollett, C. L., Bray, N. J., Bunce, C., Casten, R. J., Edwards, R., Hegel, M. T., Janikoun, S., Jumbe, S. E., Ryan, B., Shearn, J., Smith, D. J., Stanford, M., Xing, W. & Margrain, T. H., 31 Awst 2016, Yn: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 57, t. 4247-4254

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  3. Cyhoeddwyd

    Determining the optimal model for role substitution in NHS dental services in the UK: a mixed-methods study.

    Brocklehurst, P., Birch, S., McDonald, R., Hill, H., O'Malley, L., Macey, R. & Tickle, M., Gorff 2016, Yn: Health Services and Delivery Research. 4, 22

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  4. Cyhoeddwyd

    Development of a Database of Instruments for Resource-Use Measurement: Purpose, Feasibility, and Design

    DIRUM Team, 1 Gorff 2012, Yn: Value in Health. 15, 5, t. 650-655

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  5. Cyhoeddwyd

    Development of a composite outcome score for a complex intervention - measuring the impact of Community Health Workers

    Watt, H., Harris, M., Noyes, J., Whitaker, R., Hoare, Z. S., Edwards, R. T. & Haines, A., 21 Maw 2015, Yn: Trials. 16, 1

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  6. Cyhoeddwyd

    Development of a core outcome set for disease modification trials in mild to moderate dementia: a systematic review, patient and public consultation and consensus recommendations

    Webster, L., Groskreutz, D., Grinbergs-Saull, A., Howard, R., O'Brien, J. T., Mountain, G., Banerjee, S., Woods, R., Perneczky, R., Lafortune, L., Roberts, C., McCleery, J., Pickett, J., Bunn, F., Challis, D., Charlesworth, G., Featherstone, K., Fox, C., Goodman, C., Jones, R., Lamb, S., Moniz-Cook, E., Schneider, J., Sheppard, S., Surr, C., Thompson-Coon, J., Ballard, C., Brayne, C., Burke, O., Burns, A., Clare, L., Garrard, P., Kehoe, P., Passmore, P., Holmes, C., Maidment, I., Murtagh, F., Robinson, L. & Livingston, G., Mai 2017, Yn: Health Technology Assessment. 21, 26, 226 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  7. Cyhoeddwyd

    Development of an evidence-based complex intervention for community rehabilitation of patients with hip fracture using realist review, survey and focus groups

    Roberts, J. L., Din, N. U., Williams, M., Hawkes, C., Charles, J., Hoare, Z., Morrison, V., Alexander, S., Lemmey, A., Sackley, C., Logan, P., Wilkinson, C., Rycroft-Malone, J. & Williams, N., 11 Hyd 2017, Yn: BMJ Open. 7, 10, e014362.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  8. Cyhoeddwyd

    Diabetic diarrhoea: a neglected complication

    Poolman, M. & Hough, S., 2003, Yn: Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa. 8, 2, t. 52-59

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  9. Cyhoeddwyd

    Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident lesions

    Macey, R., Walsh, T., Brocklehurst, P., Kerr, A. R., Liu, L., Lingen, M. W., Ogden, G. R., Warnakulasuriya, S. & Scully, C., 29 Mai 2015, Yn: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5, CD010276.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  10. Cyhoeddwyd

    Digital life storybooks for people with dementia living in care homes: an evaluation

    Subramaniam, P. & Woods, R., 16 Medi 2016, Yn: Clinical Interventions in Aging. 11, t. 1263-1276

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  11. Cyhoeddwyd

    Direct access: lessons learnt from the Netherlands

    Northcott, A., Brocklehurst, P., Jerković-Ćosić, K., Reinders, J. J., McDermott, I. & Tickle, M., Rhag 2013, Yn: British Dental Journal. 215, 12, t. 607-10 4 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  12. Cyhoeddwyd

    Direct access to midlevel dental providers: an evidence synthesis

    Brocklehurst, P., Mertz, B., Jerković-Ćosić, K., Littlewood, A. & Tickle, M., 13 Rhag 2014, Yn: Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 74, 4, t. 326-35 10 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  13. Cyhoeddwyd

    Distant delivery of a mindfulness-based intervention for people with Parkinson's disease: the study protocol of a randomised pilot trial

    Bogosian, A., Hurt, C. S., Vasconcelos E Sa, D., Hindle, J. V., McCracken, L. & Cubi-Molla, P., 16 Ion 2017, Yn: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 3, t. 4

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  14. Cyhoeddwyd

    Disturbance alters ecosystem engineering by a canopy-forming alga

    Pocklington, J., Jenkins, S., Bellgrove, A., Keough, M., O'Hara, T., Masterson Algar, P. & Hawkins, S. J., Meh 2018, Yn: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 98, 4, t. 687-698 12 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  15. Cyhoeddwyd

    Does capitation affect the delivery of oral healthcare and access to services? Evidence from a pilot contact in Northern Ireland

    Hill, H., Birch, S., Tickle, M., McDonald, R., Donaldson, M., O’Carolan, D. & Brocklehurst, P., 2017, Yn: BMC Health Services Research. 17, 175.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  16. Cyhoeddwyd

    Does continuous trusted adult support in childhood impart life-course resilience against adverse childhood experiences - a retrospective study on adult health-harming behaviours and mental well-being

    Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K., Ford, K., Hughes, K., Ashton, K., Quigg, Z. & Butler, N., 23 Maw 2017, Yn: BMC Psychiatry. 17, 1, t. 110

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  17. Cyhoeddwyd

    Drink Less Enjoy More: effects of a multi-component intervention on improving adherence to, and knowledge of, alcohol legislation in a UK nightlife setting

    Quigg, Z., Hughes, K., Butler, N., Ford, K., Canning, I. & Bellis, M. A., Awst 2018, Yn: Addiction. 113, 8, t. 1420-1429

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  18. Cyhoeddwyd

    Drug treatments for schizophrenia

    Adams, C., Wilson, P., Gilbody, S., Bagnall, A-M. & Lewis, R., 1 Maw 2000, Yn: Quality in Health Care. 9, t. 73-79

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  19. Cyhoeddwyd

    Drugs for exceptionally rare diseases: do they deserve special status for funding?

    Hughes, D., Tunnage, B. & Yeo, S. T., 1 Tach 2005, Yn: QJM - An International Journal of Medicine. 98, 11, t. 829-836

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  20. Cyhoeddwyd

    Dying at home of cancer: whose needs are being met? The experience of family carers and healthcare professionals (a multiperspective qualitative study)

    Pottle, J., Hiscock, J., Neal, R. D. & Poolman, M., Maw 2020, Yn: BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care. 10, 1, e6.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  21. Cyhoeddwyd

    ESPACOMP Medication Adherence Reporting Guideline (EMERGE)

    De Geest, S., Zullig, L. L., Dunbar-Jacob, J., Helmy, R., Hughes, D., Wilson, I. & Vrijens, B., 3 Gorff 2018, Yn: Annals of Internal Medicine. 169, 1, t. 30-35

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  22. Cyhoeddwyd

    Economic Studies in Motor Neurone Disease: A Systematic Methodological Review

    Moore, A., Young, C. A. & Hughes, D., Ebr 2017, Yn: Pharmacoeconomics. 35, 4, t. 397-413

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  23. Cyhoeddwyd

    Economics of pharmacogenetic guided treatments: Underwhelming or overstated?

    Hughes, D., Mai 2018, Yn: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 103, 5, t. 749-751

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  24. Cyhoeddwyd

    Ecopsychosocial Interventions in Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A New Terminology and a New Paradigm

    Zeisel, J., Reisberg, B., Whitehouse, P., Woods, R. & Verheul, A., 1 Medi 2016, Yn: American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. 31, 6, t. 502-507

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  25. Cyhoeddwyd

    Effective process or dangerous precipice: qualitative comparative embedded case study with young people with epilepsy and their parents during transition from children's to adult services

    Lewis, S. & Noyes, J., 16 Hyd 2013, Yn: BMC Pediatrics. 13, t. 169

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  26. Cyhoeddwyd

    Effectiveness of exercise-referral schemes to promote physical activity in adults: systematic review

    Williams, N. H., Hendry, M., France, B., Lewis, R. & Wilkinson, C., Rhag 2007, Yn: British Journal of General Practice. 57, 545, t. 979-86 8 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  27. Cyhoeddwyd

    Effectiveness of portable electronic and optical magnifiers for near vision activities in low vision: a randomised crossover trial

    Taylor, J. J., Bambrick, R., Brand, A., Bray, N., Dutton, M., Harper, R. A., Hoare, Z., Ryan, B., Edwards, R. T., Waterman, H. & Dickinson, C., 27 Meh 2017, Yn: Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists). 37, 4, t. 370-384 15 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  28. Cyhoeddwyd

    Effectiveness of prosthodontic interventions and survival of remaining teeth in adult patients with shortened dental arches - a systematic review Journal of Dentistry

    McLister, C., Donnelly, M., Cardwell, C. R., Moore, C., O'Neill, C., Brocklehurst, P. & McKenna, G., Tach 2018, Yn: Journal of Dentistry. 78, t. 31-39

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  29. Cyhoeddwyd

    Effectiveness of the ‘Girls Active’ school-based physical activity programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial

    Harrington, D., Davies, M., Bodicoat, D., Charles, J., Chudasama, Y., Gorely, T., Khunti, K., Plekhanova, T., Rowlands, A., Sherar, L., Edwards, R., Yates, T. & Edwardson, C., 25 Ebr 2018, Yn: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 15, 40.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  30. Cyhoeddwyd

    Epidemiology of Pain in People With Dementia Living in Care Homes: Longitudinal Course, Prevalence, and Treatment Implications

    Rajkumar, A. P., Ballard, C., Fossey, J., Orrell, M., Moniz-Cook, E., Woods, R. T., Murray, J., Whitaker, R., Stafford, J., Knapp, M., Romeo, R., Woodward-Carlton, B., Khan, Z., Testad, I. & Corbett, A., 1 Mai 2017, Yn: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 18, 5, t. 453.e1-453.e6

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  31. Cyhoeddwyd

    Erratum to: Cognitive rehabiliation for Parkinson's disease dementia: a study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

    Hindle, J. V., Watermeyer, T. J., Roberts, J., Martyr, A., Lloyd-Williams, H., Brand, A., Gutting, P., Hoare, Z., Edwards, R. T. & Clare, L., 23 Maw 2017, Yn: Trials. 18, 1, t. 138

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  32. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evaluation of the physical and biological properties of hyaluronan and hyaluronan fragments

    Ferguson, E. L., Roberts, J. L., Moseley, R., Griffiths, P. C. & Thomas, D. W., 25 Tach 2011, Yn: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 420, 1, t. 84-92 9 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  33. Cyhoeddwyd

    Everyday functioning of people with Parkinson's disease and impairments in executive function: a qualitative investigation

    Kudlicka, A., Hindle, J., Spencer, L. & Clare, L., Medi 2018, Yn: Disability and Rehabilitation. 40, 20, t. 2351-2363 13 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  34. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evidence-based planning and costing palliative care services for children: novel multi-method epidemiological and economic exemplar

    Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T., Hastings, R. P., Hain, R., Totsika, V., Bennett, V., Hobson, L., Davies, G. R., Humphreys, C., Devins, M., Spencer, L. H. & Lewis, M., 25 Ebr 2013, Yn: BMC Palliative Care. 12, 1, t. Article 18

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  35. Cyhoeddwyd

    Evolving A Sustainable Model of Guidance to Support Individual Care of Dying Patients: A National Perspective

    Johnstone, R. P., Poolman, M. & Mitchell, H. E., 28 Awst 2017, Yn: Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care. 3, 2, 7 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  36. Cyhoeddwyd

    Executive control in older Welsh monolinguals and bilinguals

    Clare, L., Whitaker, C. J., Martyr, A., Martin-Forbes, P. A., Bastable, A. J. M., Pye, K. L., Quinn, C., Thomas, E. M., Gathercole, V. C. M. & Hindle, J. V., 6 Ebr 2016, Yn: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 28, 4, t. 412-426

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  37. Cyhoeddwyd

    Experiences of follow-up after treatment in patients with prostate cancer: a qualitative study

    O'Brien, R., Rose, P. W., Campbell, C., Weller, D., Neal, R. D., Wilkinson, C., Watson, E. K. & Prostate Cancer Follow-up Group, Hyd 2010, Yn: BJUI International. 106, 7, t. 998-1003 6 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  38. Cyhoeddwyd

    Exploring psychology and nursing students perceptions of disgust

    Ousey, K., Roberts, D. & Stephenson, J., Ion 2017, Yn: Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 7, 1, 4 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  39. Cyhoeddwyd

    Exploring the theoretical foundations of visual art programmes for people living with dementia

    Windle, G., Gregory, S., Howson-Griffiths, T., Newman, A., O'Brien, D. & Goulding, A., 1 Awst 2018, Yn: Dementia: International Journal of Social Research and Practice. t. 1-20 20 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  40. Cyhoeddwyd

    Exploring the use of Soft Systems Methodology with realist approaches: A novel way to map programme complexity and develop and refine programme theory

    Dalkin, S., Lhussier, M., Williams, L., Burton, C. & Rycroft-Malone, J., Ion 2018, Yn: Evaluation. 24, 1, t. 84-97

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  41. Cyhoeddwyd

    FIRE (facilitating implementation of research evidence): a study protocol

    Seers, K., Cox, K., Chricton, N. J., Edwards, R. T., Eldh, A. C., Estabrooks, C. A., Harvey, G., Hawkes, C., Kitson, A., Linck, P. G., McCarthy, G., McCormack, B., Mockford, C., Rycroft-Malone, J., Titchen, A. & Wallin, L., 27 Maw 2012, Yn: Implementation Science. 7, 25

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  42. Cyhoeddwyd

    Factors of resilience in informal caregivers of people with dementia from integrative international data-analysis

    Joling, K. J., Windle, G., Droes, R-M., Meiland, F., van Hout, H. P. J., MacNeil Vroomen, J., van de Ven, P. M., Moniz-Cook, E. & Woods, R., Hyd 2016, Yn: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 42, 3-4, t. 198-214 17 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  43. Cyhoeddwyd

    Feasibility Study: Assessing the Efficacy and Social Acceptability of Using Dental Hygiene-Therapists as Front-Line Clinicians

    Macey, R., Glenny, A-M. & Brocklehurst, P., 9 Rhag 2016, Yn: British Dental Journal. 221, 11, t. 717-721

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  44. Cyhoeddwyd

    Folate Augmentation of Treatment-Evaluation for Depression (FolATED): randomised trial and economic evaluation

    Bedson, E., Bell, D., Carr, D., Carter, B., Hughes, D., Jorgensen, A., Lewis, H., Lloyd, K., McCaddon, A., Moat, S., Pink, J., Pirmohamed, M., Roberts, S., Russell, I., Sylvestre, Y., Tranter, R., Whitaker, R., Wilkinson, C. & Williams, N., Gorff 2014, Yn: Health Technology Assessment. 18, 48, t. 1-159

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  45. Cyhoeddwyd

    Follow-up of cancer in primary care versus secondary care: systematic review

    Lewis, R. A., Neal, R. D., Williams, N. H., France, B., Hendry, M., Russell, D., Hughes, D. A., Russell, I., Stuart, N. S. A., Weller, D. & Wilkinson, C., 1 Gorff 2009, Yn: British Journal of General Practice. 59, 564, t. e234-e247

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  46. Cyhoeddwyd

    Follow‐up strategies for women with endometrial cancer after primary treatment (Protocol)

    Aslam, R. W., Pye, K., Rai, T., Hall, B., Timmis, L., Yeo, S. T. & Leeson, S., 11 Hyd 2016, Yn: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016, 10, CD012386.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  47. Cyhoeddwyd

    Foundation Degree, a pathway to practice, 2/2: knowledge for successful practice

    Matthews, D., Davison, N. & Bedson, L., 2015, Yn: British Journal of Healthcare Assistants. 9, 4, t. 196-201 6 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  48. Cyhoeddwyd

    Fracture in the Elderly Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation (FEMuR): A phase II randomised feasibility study of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation package following hip fracture

    Williams, N., Roberts, J., Din, N., Totton, N., Charles, J., Hawkes, C., Morrison, V., Hoare, Z., Williams, M., Pritchard, A. W., Alexander, S., Lemmey, A., Woods, R., Sackley, C., Logan, P., Edwards, R. & Wilkinson, C., 5 Hyd 2016, Yn: BMJ Open. 2016, 6, e012422.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  49. Cyhoeddwyd

    Fracture in the Elderly Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation (FEMuR): study protocol for a phase II randomised feasibility study of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation package following hip fracture [ ISRCTN22464643 ]

    Williams, N. H., Hawkes, C. A., Din, N. U., Roberts, J. L., Charles, J. M., Morrison, V. L., Hoare, Z. S., Edwards, R. T., Alexander, S., Andrew, G., Lemmey, A. B., Woods, R. T., Sackley, C., Logan, P., Hunnisett, D. S., Mawdesley, K. J. & Wilkinson, C. E., 7 Ebr 2015, Yn: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 1, 13, t. 1-22

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  50. Cyhoeddwyd

    GPs' views on changing the law on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, and willingness to prescribe or inject lethal drugs: a survey from Wales

    Pasterfield, D., Wilkinson, C., Finlay, I. G., Neal, R. D. & Hulbert, N. J., Meh 2006, Yn: British Journal of General Practice. 56, 527, t. 450-2 3 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  51. Cyhoeddwyd

    Goal Setting for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Mild to Moderate Parkinson’s Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

    Watermeyer, T., Hindle, J., Roberts, J., Lawrence, C., Martyr, A., Lloyd-Williams, H., Brand, A., Gutting, P., Hoare, Z., Edwards, R. & Clare, L., 29 Meh 2016, Yn: Parkinson's Disease. 2016, 2016, 8 t., 8285041.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid