Ysgol Gwyddorau Amgylcheddol a Naturiol

  1. Erthygl › Ymchwil › Adolygwyd gan gymheiriaid
  2. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterisation of 13 pterosins and pterosides from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) rhizome

    Mohammad, R., Nur-e-Alam, M., Lahmann, M., Parveen, I., Tizzard, G. J., Coles, S. J., Fowler, M., Drake, A. F., Heyes, D. & Thoss, V., Awst 2016, Yn: Phytochemistry. 128, t. 82-94

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  3. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterisation of cellulose obtained by a two-stage treatment with organosolv and cyanamide activated hydrogen peroxide from wheat straw

    Fowler, P. A., Sun, R., Sun, X. F., Sun, R. C., Fowler, P. & Baird, M. S., 15 Maw 2004, Yn: Carbohydrate Polymers. 55, 4, t. 379-391

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  4. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterisation of mineral-oxidizing “Acidibacillus” spp. from mine sites and geothermal environments in different global locations

    Holanda, R., Hedrich, S., Nancucheo, I., Oliveira, G., Grail, B. & Johnson, D., Medi 2016, Yn: Research in Microbiology. 167, 7, t. 613-623

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  5. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of 12 dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the anadromous fish Osmerus eperlanus (L.)

    Taylor, A. N., Taylor, M. I., McCarthy, I. D. & Beaumont, A. R., 1 Mai 2008, Yn: Molecular Ecology Resources. 8, 3, t. 581-583

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  6. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of 28 new microsatellite markers for European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)

    Tysklind, N., Neuparth, T., Ashcroft, G. R., Taylor, M. I., Lyons, B. P., McCarthy, I. D. & Carvalho, G. R., 1 Mai 2009, Yn: Molecular Ecology Resources. 9, 3, t. 1065-1068

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  7. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of Acidicaldus organivorus, gen. nov., sp nov.: a novel sulfur-oxidizing, ferric iron-reducing thermo-acidophilic heterotrophic Proteobacterium.

    Johnson, D. B., Stallwood, B., Kimura, S. & Hallberg, K. B., 1 Ebr 2006, Yn: Archives of Microbiology. 185, 3, t. 212-221

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  8. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of a novel acidophilic zero-valent sulfur- and ferric iron-respiring Firmicute

    Holanda, R. & Johnson, D. B., 18 Awst 2020, Yn: Research in Microbiology. 171, 7, t. 215-221

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  9. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of di- and trinucleotide microsatellites in the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum.

    Weetman, D., Hauser, L. & Carvalho, G. R., 1 Medi 2001, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 1, 3, t. 185-187

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  10. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of hemicellulose B and cellulose from pressure refined wheat straw

    Sun, R., Lawther, J. M. & Banks, W. B., Ion 1998, Yn: Industrial Crops and Products. 7, 2-3, t. 121-128

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  11. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the marine gastropod Nucella lapillus

    Kawai, K., Hughes, R. N. & Takenaka, O., 1 Rhag 2001, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 1, 4, t. 270-272

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  12. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the bryozoan Crisia denticulata

    Craig, S. F., D'Amato, M. E., Harley, M., Bishop, J., Hughes, R. N. & Carvalho, G., 1 Rhag 2001, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 1, 4, t. 281-282

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  13. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers in the two-banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris) and cross-species amplification in the white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) and the saddled bream (Oblada melanura).

    Roques, S., Galarza, J. A., Macpherson, E., Turner, G. F. & Rico, C., 1 Gorff 2007, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 7, 4, t. 661-663

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  14. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of novel lipases/esterases from a bovine rumen metagenome

    Prive, F., Newbold, C. J., Kaderbhai, N. N., Girdwood, S. G., Golyshina, O. V., Golyshin, P. N., Scollan, N. D. & Huws, S. A., 11 Ion 2015, Yn: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 99, 13, t. 5475-5485

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  15. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Portuguese freshwater fish Squalis aradensis (Cyprinidae)

    Mesquita, N., Cunha, C., Hanfling, B., Carvalho, G. R., Ze-Ze, L., Tenreiro, R. & Coelho, M. M., 1 Rhag 2003, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 3, 4, t. 572-574

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  16. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for peacock wrasse (Symphodus tinca).

    Galarza, J. A., Carreras-Carbonell, J., Macpherson, E., Turner, G. F. & Rico, C., 1 Medi 2006, Yn: Molecular Ecology Notes. 6, 3, t. 747-749

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  17. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation and phylogenetic characterisation of acidophilic microorganisms indigenous to acidic drainage wartes at an abandoned Norwegian copper mine

    Johnson, D. B., Rolfe, S., Hallberg, K. & Iversen, E., 1 Hyd 2001, Yn: Environmental Microbiology. 3, 10, t. 630-637

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  18. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from midgut of Stomoxys calcitrans.

    Hamilton, J. V., Lehane, M. J. & Braig, H. R., 1 Ion 2003, Yn: Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9, 10, t. 1355-1356

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  19. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation of a neurotoxin (alpha colubritoxin) from a nonvenomous colubrid: Evidence for early origin of venom in snakes

    Wuster, W., Fry, B. G., Lumsden, N. G., Wüster, W., Wickramaratna, J. C., Hodgson, W. C. & Kini, R. M., 1 Hyd 2003, Yn: Journal of Molecular Evolution. 57, 4, t. 446-452

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  20. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isolation studies reveal a shift in the cultivable microbiome of oak affected with Acute Oak Decline

    Denman, S., Plummer, S., Peace, A. & McDonald, J., 1 Hyd 2016, Yn: Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 39, 7, t. 484-490

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  21. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isotopic change throughout the life history of a Lake Malawi cichlid fish.

    Genner, M. J., Hawkins, S. J. & Turner, G. F., 1 Ebr 2003, Yn: Journal of Fish Biology. 62, 4, t. 907-917

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  22. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change manipulation

    Andresen, L., Dominguez, M., Reinsch, S., Smith, A., Schmidt, I. K., Ambus, P., Beier, C., Boeckx, P., Bol, R. & de Dato, G., Ebr 2018, Yn: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 9, 4, t. 866-880

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  23. Cyhoeddwyd

    Isotopic provenancing of Pb in Mitrovica, northern Kosovo: source identification of chronic Pb enrichment in soils, house dust and scalp hair

    Brewer, P., Bird, G. & Macklin, M. G., 8 Awst 2015, Yn: Applied Geochemistry. 64, t. 164-175

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  24. Cyhoeddwyd

    Jellyfish on the menu: mtaDNA assay reveals scyphozoan predation in the Irish Sea

    Lamb, P. D., Hunter, E., Pinnegar, J. K., Creer, S., Davies, R. G. & Taylor, M. I., 29 Tach 2017, Yn: Royal Society Open Science.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  25. Cyhoeddwyd

    Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis at Balnaguard, Scotland: Foliar carbon discrimination (13C) and 15-N natural abundance (15N) suggest gender-linked differences in water and N use.

    Hill, P., Handley, L. L. & Raven, J. A., 1996, Yn: Botanical Journal of Scotland. 48, 2, t. 209-224

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  26. Cyhoeddwyd

    Just the tonic! Legume biorefining for alcohol has the potential to reduce Europe's protein deficit and mitigate climate change

    Lienhardt, T., Black, K., Saget, S., Costa, M. P., Chadwick, D., Rees, R. M., Williams, M., Spillane, C., Iannetta, P. M., Walker, G. & Styles, D., Medi 2019, Yn: Environment International. 130, t. 104870

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  27. Cyhoeddwyd

    Juvenile Songbirds Compensate for Displacement to Oceanic Islands during Autumn Migration

    Thorup, K., Ortvad, T. E., Rabol, J., Holland, R., Tottrup, A. P. & Wikelski, M., 2011, Yn: PLoS ONE. 6, 3, e17903.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  28. Cyhoeddwyd

    K(I)-M(II) (M=Co, Mn) heterometallic-(perfluorinated) organic frameworks containing inorganic layered K-O-M linkages: synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties

    Yan, Q., Huang, X. C., Zhong, J., Gao, J., Chen, S. C., He, M. Y., Chen, Q. & Beckett, M. A., 30 Meh 2015, Yn: Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 68, 15, t. 2691-2702

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  29. Cyhoeddwyd

    KASP mapping of QTLs for yield components using a RIL population in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)

    Ashfaq, H., Rani, R., Perveen, N., Babar, A. D., Maqsood, U., Steele, K. & Arif, M., Gorff 2023, Yn: Euphytica. 219, 7, 79.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  30. Cyhoeddwyd

    KASP™ based markers reveal a population sub-structure in temperate rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm and local landraces grown in the Kashmir valley, north-western Himalayas

    Shikari, A. B., Najeeb, S., Khan, G., Mohidin, F. A., Shah, A. H., Nehvi, F. A., Wani, S. A., Bhat, N. A., Waza, S. A., Subba Roa, L. V., Steele, K. & Witcombe, J., Maw 2021, Yn: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 68, 3, t. 821–834

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  31. Cyhoeddwyd

    Key Questions for Next-Generation Biomonitoring

    Makiola, A., Compson, Z. G., Baird, D. J., Barnes, M. A., Boerlijst, S. P., Bouchez, A., Brennan, G., Bush, A., Canard, E., Cordier, T., Creer, S., Curry, R. A., David, P., Dumbrell, A. J., Gravel, D., Hajibabaei, M., Hayden, B., van der Hoorn, B., Jarne, P., Jones, J. I., Karimi, B., Keck, F., Kelly, M., Knot, I. E., Krol, L., Massol, F., Monk, W. A., Murphy, J., Pawlowski, J., Poisot, T., Porter, T. M., Randall, K. C., Ransome, E., Ravigne, V., Raybould, A., Robin, S., Scrama, M., Schatz, B., Tamaddoni-Nezhad, A., Trimbos, K. B., Vacher, C., Vasselon, V., Wood, S., Woodward, G. & Bohan, D. A., 9 Ion 2020, Yn: Frontiers in Environmental Science.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  32. Cyhoeddwyd

    Key factors and related principles in the conservation of large African carnivores

    Hayward, M. W., Winterbach, H. E., Winterbach, C. W., Somers, M. J. & Hayward, M., 1 Ebr 2013, Yn: Mammal Review. 43, 2, t. 89-110

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  33. Cyhoeddwyd

    Key performance indicators to explain energy & economic efficiency across water utilities, and identifying suitable proxies

    Walker, N., Williams, P. & Styles, D., 1 Medi 2020, Yn: Journal of Environmental Management. 269, 110810.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  34. Cyhoeddwyd

    Key traits for ruminant livestock across diverse production systems in the context of climate change: perspectives from a global platform of research farms

    Rivero, M. J., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Evans, A., Berndt, A., Cartmill, A., Neal, A. L., McLaren, A., Farruggia, A., Mignolet, C., Chadwick, D., Styles, D., McCracken, D., Busch, D., Martin, G. B., Flemming, H., Sheridan, H., Gibbons, J., Merbold, L., Eisler, M., Lambe, N., Rovira, P., Harris, P., Murphy, P., Vercoe, P. E., Williams, P., Machado, R., Takahashi, T., Puech, T., Boland, T., Ayala, W. & Lee, M. R. F., 2021, Yn: Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 33, 2, t. 1-19

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  35. Cyhoeddwyd

    Killer whale genomes reveal a complex history of recurrent admixture and vicariance

    Foote, A., Martin, M. D., Louis, M., Pacheco, G., Robertson, K., Sinding, M-H., Amaral, A., Baird, R., Baker, C. S., Ballance, L., Barlow, J., Brownlow, A., Collins, T., Constantine, R., Dabin, W., Dalla Rosa, L., Davison, N. J., Durban, J., Esteban, R., Ferguson, S. H., Gerrodette, T., Guinet, C., Hanson, M. B., Hoggard, W., Matthews, C., Samarra, F., de Stephanis, R., Tavares, S., Tixier, P., Totterdell, J., Wade, P., Excoffier, L., Gilbert, M. T. P., Wolf, J. B. W. & Morin, P. A., Gorff 2019, Yn: Molecular Ecology. 28, 14, t. 3427-3444

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  36. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kin or self-recognition? Colonial fusibility of the bryozoan Celleporella hyalina.

    Hughes, R. N., Manriquez, P. H., Morley, S., Craig, S. F. & Bishop, J. D., 1 Tach 2004, Yn: Evolution and Development. 6, 6, t. 431-437

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  37. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kinematics and aerodynamics of avian upstrokes during slow flight

    Crandell, K. E. & Tobalske, B. W., Awst 2015, Yn: Journal of Experimental Biology. 218, 16, t. 2518-2527

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  38. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kinetics for copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with N-cyclohexylmaleimide

    Jang, XL., Tai, HY., Xia, P. & Yan, DY., 31 Hyd 1999, Yn: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 74, 5, t. 1293-1297

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  39. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kinetics of malate transport and decomposition in acid soils and isolated bacterial populations: The effect of microorganisms on root exudation of malate under Al stress

    Jones, D. L., Prabowo, A. M. & Kochian, L. V., Mai 1996, Yn: Plant and Soil. 182, 2, t. 239-247

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  40. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kinetics of microplastic generation from different types of mulch films in agricultural soil

    Yang, Y., Li, Z., Yan, C., Chadwick, D., Jones, D. L., Liu, E., Liu, Q., Bai, R. & He, W., 25 Maw 2022, Yn: Science of the Total Environment. 814

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  41. Cyhoeddwyd

    Kinetics of soil microbial uptake of free amino acids.

    Vinolas, L. C., Healey, J. R. & Jones, D. L., 1 Ion 2001, Yn: Biology and Fertility of Soils. 33, 1, t. 67-74

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  42. Cyhoeddwyd

    King or royal family? Testing for species boundaries in the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), using morphology and multilocus DNA analyses

    Gowri Shankar, P., Swamy, P., Williams, R. C., Ganesh, S. R., Moss, M., Höglund, J., Das, I., Sahoo, G., Vijayakumar, S. P., Shanker, K., Wüster, W. & Dutta, S. K., Rhag 2021, Yn: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 165, 107300, 63 t., 107300.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  43. Cyhoeddwyd

    Klonirovanie gena vnekletochnoĭ RNKazy Bacillus circulans

    Fedorova, N. D., Shul'ga, A. A., Peredel'chuk, M. P., Kozharinova, L. V., Golyshin, P. N., Riabchenko, N. F. & Kirpichnikov, M. P., 1 Maw 1994, Yn: Molekuliarnaia biologiia. 28, 2, t. 468-71 4 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  44. Cyhoeddwyd

    LDPE and biodegradable PLA-PBAT plastics differentially affect plant-soil nitrogen partitioning and dynamics in a Hordeum vulgare mesocosm

    Reay, M. K., Greenfield, L. M., Graf, M., Lloyd, C. E. M., Evershed, R. P., Chadwick, D. R. & Jones, D. L., 5 Ebr 2023, Yn: Journal of Hazardous Materials. 447, 130825.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  45. Cyhoeddwyd

    LOADING THE DICE IN FAVOUR OF THE FARMER: REDUCING THE RISK OF ADOPTING AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS

    Coe, R., Njoloma, J. & Sinclair, F., Meh 2019, Yn: Experimental Agriculture. 55, S1, t. 67-83

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  46. Cyhoeddwyd

    LUCST: A novel toolkit for Land Use Land Cover change assessment in SWAT+ to support flood management decisions

    Rigby, A., Butcher, P., Ritsos, P. D. & Patil, S., Hyd 2022, Yn: Environmental Modelling and Software. 156, 105469.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  47. Cyhoeddwyd

    Laboratory mating trials indicate incipient speciation by sexual selection among populations of the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra from Lake Malawi.

    Knight, M. E. & Turner, G. F., 7 Ebr 2004, Yn: Proceedings of The Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. 271, 1540, t. 675-680

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  48. Cyhoeddwyd

    Lack of correlation between turnover of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon and differences in microbial community composition or growth across a soil pH gradient

    Rousk, J., Brookes, P. C., Glanville, H. C. & Jones, D. L., 1 Ebr 2011, Yn: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77, 8, t. 2791-5 5 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  49. Cyhoeddwyd

    Lactosamine from lactulose via the Heyns rearrangement: a practical protocol

    Shan, Y., Oulaidi Lamiable, F. & Lahmann, M., 24 Gorff 2013, Yn: Tetrahedron Letters. 54, 30, t. 3960-3961

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  50. Cyhoeddwyd

    Lake of flies, or lake of fish? A trophic model of Lake Malawi.

    Darwall, W. R., Allison, E. H., Turner, G. F. & Irvine, K., 1 Chwef 2010, Yn: Ecological Modelling. 221, 4, t. 713-727

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid

  51. Cyhoeddwyd

    Land Change Modelling to Inform Strategic Decisions on Forest Cover and CO2 Emissions in Eastern Madagascar

    Hewson, J., Razafimanahaka, J. H., Wright, T. M., Mandimbiniaina, R., Mulligan, M., Jones, J. P. G., Van Soesbergen, A., Andriamananjara, A., Tabor, K., Rasolohery, A., Razakamanarivo, H., Razafindrakoto, M., Rianahary, A., Razafimbelo, T., Ranaivoson, N. & Harvey, C. A., Maw 2019, Yn: Environmental Conservation. 46, Special Issue 1, t. 25-33

    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolynErthygladolygiad gan gymheiriaid