1. Pennod › Ymchwil › Adolygwyd gan gymheiriaid
2. Cyhoeddwyd

   '"In such a whisp'ring and withdrawing hour": Speaking Solus in Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy and The Lady's Tragedy'

   Hiscock, A., 16 Awst 2018, Shakespeare and the Soliloquy in Early Modern English Drama. Cousins, A. D. & Derrin, D. (gol.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, t. 167-179 12 t.

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

3. Cyhoeddwyd

   '"Tawe pressed in upon him": Dylan Thomas, Modernity and the Rural-Urban Divide

   Webb, A., Chwef 2020, New Theoretical Perspectives on Dylan Thomas. “A writer of words, and nothing else”?. Smith, K. & Barfoot, R. (gol.). Cardiff: University of Wales Press, (Writing Wales in English).

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

4. Cyhoeddwyd

   '"[L]etters must increase": Reading and Writing the Post Office as a Literary Institution'

   Koehler, K., Gorff 2022, Institutions of Literature, 1700-1900: The Development of Literary Culture and Production. Mee, J. & Sangster, M. (gol.). Cambridge University Press, t. 234-254 21 t.

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

5. Cyhoeddwyd

   'A. G. van Hamel's correspondence with Henry Parry-Williams'

   Price, A., Hyd 2023, A Man of Two Worlds: A. G. van Hamel, Celticist and Germanist. Utrecht: Stichting A. G. van Hamel, Utrecht, t. 35-38 4 t.

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

6. Cyhoeddwyd

   'Achilles alter': the heroic lives and afterlives of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

   Hiscock, A. W., Connolly, A. (Golygydd) & Hopkins, L. (Golygydd), 1 Tach 2013, Essex The Life and Times of an Elizabethan Courtier. 2013 gol. Manchester University Press

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

7. Cyhoeddwyd

   'An antient seat of a gentleman of Wales': The place of the plas in Thomas Pennant's Tour in Wales (1778-83)

   Evans, S., 8 Medi 2023, Visitors to the Country House in Ireland and Britain: Welcome and Unwelcome. Ridgway, C. & Dooley, T. (gol.). Dublin: Four Court Press, Dublin, t. 196-219

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

8. Cyhoeddwyd

   'Convent and City: Medieval Women and Drama’

   Niebrzydowski, S., Awst 2023, Women and Medieval Literary Culture: From the Early Middle Ages to the Fifteenth Century . Watt, D. & Saunders, C. (gol.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, t. 285-298

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

9. Cyhoeddwyd

   'El sujeto rural español y el Instituto Nacional de Colonización (1939–1971): colonialidad, biopolítica y memoria'

   Miguelez-Carballeira, H., 4 Chwef 2023, El Imperio en casa: Género, raza y nación en la España contemporánea. Andreu-Miralles, X. (gol.). Madrid: Sílex Ediciones, t. 195-215

   Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

10. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Enter Macduffe, with Macbeths head': Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' and the Staging of Trauma

    Hiscock, A., 14 Rhag 2017, Stage Directions and Shakespearean Theatre. Dustagheer, S. & Woods, G. (gol.). London: Bloomsbury, t. 241-261 20 t. (The Arden Shakespeare).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

11. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Geografías de la nueva España negra: discapacidad, ruralidad y violencia en As bestas (2022) de Rodrigo Sorogoyen'

    Miguelez-Carballeira, H., 17 Maw 2025, Imaginarios del rural: Literatura, cine y medios en el contexto español. Enric, C., López, B. & Miguélez-Carballeira, H. (gol.). Publicacions de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili , t. 75-90

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

12. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Good Time(s), Bad Time(s): myth and metaphysics in some medieval literature': The Keynote Lecture of the 38th Harvard Celtic Coloquium

    Jones, A. L., 12 Maw 2019, Proceedings of the 38th Harvard Celtic Colloquium. Andrews, C., Newton, H. & Parker, S. (gol.). 2018 gol. Cyfrol 38.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

13. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Hear my tale or kiss my tail!': The Old Wife's Tale, Gammer Gurton's Needle and the popular cultures of Tudor comedy.

    Hiscock, A. W., Hiscock, A., Pincombe, E. (Golygydd) & Shrank, C. (Golygydd), 1 Ion 2009, The Oxford Handbook of Tudor Literature. 2009 gol. Oxford University Press

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

14. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Irish harpers are excellent, and their solemn music is much liked of strangers': The Irish Harp in Non-Irish Contexts in the Seventeenth Century

    Cunningham, J., Barra Boydell, B. (Golygydd) & Houston, K. (Golygydd), 1 Ion 2009, Music: Ireland and the Seventeenth Century. 2009 gol. Four Courts Pr Ltd, t. 62-80

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

15. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Lay by thine Armes and take the Citie then': Soldiery and City in the Drama of Thomas Middleton

    Hiscock, A., 16 Awst 2019, Early Modern Military Identities 1560-1639: Reality and Representation. Woodcock, M. & O'Mahoney, C. (gol.). Boydell & Brewer, t. 235-255

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

16. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Past Idols for Present Idiom's: Place, Nostalgia, and Memory Palace in Max Richter’s Memoryhouse

    Ap Sion, P., 17 Hyd 2024, Max Richter: History, Memory and Nostalgia. Vincent, D. (gol.). Brepols Publishers, t. 3 (Contemporary Compoters; Cyfrol 6).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

17. Cyhoeddwyd

    'So wel koude he me glose': The Erotics of Touch in the Wife of Bath’s Prologue

    Niebrzydowski, S., 19 Ebr 2007, The Erotic in the Literature of Medieval Britain . Rushton, C. & Hopkins, A. (gol.). Boydell & Brewer, t. 18-26 9 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

18. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Suppose thou dost defend me from what is past': Shakespeare's 'Venus and Adonis' and 'The Rape of Lucrece' and the appetite for ancient memory

    Hiscock, A., 16 Awst 2017, The Routledge Handbook of Shakespeare and Memory. Abingdon: Routledge, t. 281-296 15 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

19. Cyhoeddwyd

    'What England has to offer': Erasmus, Colet, More and their Circle

    Hiscock, A., 29 Meh 2017, The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern English Literature and Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, t. 261-78 17 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

20. Cyhoeddwyd

    'Y Cenhadwr and Y Dyngarwr: Two Welsh-American Abolitionist Journals?'

    Evans Jones, G., 1 Hyd 2016, Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, Volume XXXV: 2015. 1af gol. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Cyfrol 35. t. 109-128

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

21. Cyhoeddwyd

    'englishing th'Italian Ariost': The Orlando Furioso among the Elizabethans - Adaptation and Audience

    Hiscock, A., 31 Ion 2019, Ariosto, the Orlando Furioso and English Culture. Everson, J. E., Hiscock, A. & Jossa, S. (gol.). Oxford: OUP, t. 89-114 (Proceedings of the British Academy).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

22. Cyhoeddwyd

    100 Bilingual Lessons: Distributing two languages in classrooms

    Lewis, W. G., Lewis, G., Jones, B., Baker, C., Abello-Contesse, C. (Golygydd), Chandler, P. (Golygydd), López-Jiménez, M. D. (Golygydd), Torreblanca-López, M. M. (Golygydd) & Chacón-Beltrán, R. (Golygydd), 30 Hyd 2013, Bilingualism and Multiligualism in School Settings. 2013 gol.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

23. Cyhoeddwyd

    2001: A Space Odyssey

    Abrams, N., 29 Tach 2018, Oxford Bibliographies in Cinema and Media Studies. Gabbard, K. (gol.). Oxford University Press USA

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

24. Cyhoeddwyd

    A Man’s World: The Short Fiction of Ron Berry

    Brown, T., 1 Chwef 2020, Fight and Flight: Essays on Ron Berry. Burdett, G. & Morse, S. (gol.). University of Wales Press, t. 29-47

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

25. Cyhoeddwyd

    A Nation Divided: Metaphors and Scenarios in Media Coverage of the 2016 British EU Referendum

    Ryan, J. & Koller, V., Meh 2019, Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Text and Discourse: From Poetics to Politics. Hart, C. (gol.). Edinburgh University Press

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

26. Cyhoeddwyd

    A Pragmatist Approach to Mixed Methods Research

    Feilzer, M., 1 Rhag 2023, Philosophical Foundations of Mixed Methods Research. Shan, Y. (gol.). Routledge, 17 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

27. Cyhoeddwyd

    A Review of Jon K. Newton’s Revelation Worldview: Apocalyptic Thinking in a Postmodern World (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2015)

    Thomas, J. C., 15 Awst 2017, Spiritus 2.1-2 2017: Oru Journal of Theology. 1-2 gol. Cyfrol 2. t. 147-151 (Spiritus: ORU Journal of Theology ).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

28. Cyhoeddwyd

    A Time-series Bootstrapping Simulation Method to Distinguish Sell-side Analysts’ Skill from Luck

    Chen Su, 29 Medi 2020, Handbook of Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, Statistics, and Technology. Lee, C. F. & Lee, J. C. (gol.). World Scientific Publishing Company

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

29. Cyhoeddwyd

    A casa de Rosalía, a Rosalía da casa: Historia, discurso e representación na Casa-Museo de Rosalía de Castro

    Miguelez-Carballeira, H., 1 Ion 2014, Rosalía de Castro no século XXI: Unha nova ollada. Alvarez, R., Angueira, A., Rabade, M. C. & Vilavedra, D. (gol.). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

30. Cyhoeddwyd

    A cross-linguistic study of early literacy acquisition

    Bruck, M., Genesee, F. & Caravolas, M., 1997, Foundations of Reading Acquisition and Dyslexia. Blachman, B. (gol.). Routledge, t. 145-162 17 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

31. Cyhoeddwyd

    A diachronic corpus-based multivariate analysis of “I think that” vs. “I think zero”

    Shank, C., Plevoets, K. & Cuyckens, H., 6 Tach 2014, Corpus Methods for Semantics. Quantitative studies in polysemy and synonymy.. Glynn, D. & Robinson, J. A. (gol.). UK: John Benjamins Publishing Company, t. 279-303 24 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

32. Cyhoeddwyd

    A meeting of Amateur and Professional: Playford's 'Compendious Collection' of Two-Part Airs, Court-Ayres (1655)

    Cunningham, J., Herissone, R. (Golygydd) & Howard, A. (Golygydd), 21 Tach 2013, Concepts of Creativity in Seventeenth-Century England. 2013 gol. Boydell Press

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

33. Cyhoeddwyd

    A multifactorial analysis of that/zero alternation: The diachronic development of the zero complementizer with think, guess and understand

    Shank, C., Plevoets, K. & Van Bogaert, J., 8 Medi 2016, Corpus-based approaches to Construction Grammar. Yoon, J. & Gries, S. T. (gol.). John Benjamins Publishing Company, t. 201-240 (Constructional Approaches to Language; Cyfrol 19).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

34. Cyhoeddwyd

    A place-based pedagogy for outdoor education

    French, G., Edwards, A., Martin, I. & Tatam, J., 1 Rhag 2023, Encountering Ideas of Place in Education. Rawlings-Smith, E. & Pike, S. (gol.). Routledge, t. 78-90

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

35. Cyhoeddwyd

    A research informed approach to initial teacher educationin Wales: Intentions, Examples and Reflections.

    Harris, A., Jones, M., Furlong, J., Griffiths, J. & Hannigan-Davies, C., 6 Awst 2021, Teacher Education Policy and Research - Global Perspectives. Mayer, D. (gol.). Springer, Cyfrol 9789811637742. t. 195 - 208 14 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

36. Cyhoeddwyd

    Absent Witnesses and the Right to Confrontation: The Influence of the European Court of Human Rights on International Criminal Law

    McDermott , Y., 2017, Judicial Dialogue on Human Rights: The Practice of International Criminal Tribunals. Mariniello, T. & Lobba, P. (gol.). Brill: Leiden, t. 225-242

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

37. Cyhoeddwyd

    Abu Dhabi Case Study in International AQA A Level Geography: Human Geography

    Rawlings Smith, E., 29 Maw 2018, International A Level Human Geography for Oxford International AQA Examinations. Ross, S. & Griffiths, A. (gol.). Oxford: Oxford: OUP

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

38. Cyhoeddwyd

    Abu Ghraib

    Bakir, V., 21 Rhag 2016, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives. Joseph, P. (gol.). Thousand Oaks: Sage, 5 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

39. Cyhoeddwyd

    Accountants’ Attitudes to Digital Technology: A Barrier to the Digital Transformation of Accounting?

    Busulwa, R., Birt, J., Gepp, A. & Oates, G., Chwef 2024, Digital Transformation in Accounting and Auditing: Navigating Technological Advances for the Future. Springer, t. 153-182

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

40. Cyhoeddwyd

    Addressing Teacher Confidence as a Barrier to Bilingual Classroom Transmission Practices in Wales

    Parry, N. & Thomas, E., 5 Chwef 2021, The psychological experience of integrating language and content. Talbot, K., Gruber, M.-T. & Nishida, R. (gol.). Multilingual Matters, (Psychology of Language Learning and Teaching; Rhif 12).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

41. Cyhoeddwyd

    Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in the United Kingdom

    Nason, S., 18 Hyd 2021, Judicial Review of Administration in Europe . Della Cananea, G. & Andenas, M. (gol.). Oxford: OUP, 24 t. (The Common Core of European Administrative Laws).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

42. Cyhoeddwyd

    Advancing Equalities and Social Justice Post 2010

    Williams, C. & Crew, T., 16 Maw 2021, Social Policy for Welfare Practice in Wales. Gwilym, H. & Williams, C. (gol.). 3rd gol. The British Association of Social Workers.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

43. Cyhoeddwyd

    Afterword

    Abrams, N., 2 Ion 2023, Anthony Burgess, Stanley Kubrick and A Clockwork Orange. Melia, M. & Orgill, G. (gol.). Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, t. 319-322 (Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

44. Cyhoeddwyd

    Age variation and language change in Welsh: Auxiliary deletion and possessive constructions

    Webb-Davies, P., 11 Rhag 2016, Sociolinguistics in Wales. Durham, M. & Morris, J. (gol.). London: Palgrave Macmillan, t. 31 60 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

45. Cyhoeddwyd

    Alex, Stupid Fuck

    Conran, A., 2 Meh 2009, Nu: Fiction and Stuff. Owen, T. (gol.). Cardigan: Parthian Books, t. 15-22 7 t.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

46. Cyhoeddwyd

    Amlieithrwydd

    Webb-Davies, P., Cooper, S. & Arman, L., Tach 2020, Cyflwyniad i Ieithyddiaeth. Cooper, S. & Arman, L. (gol.). Caerfyrddin: Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, t. 181-214

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

47. Cyhoeddwyd

    Animal Welfare, Information and Consumer Behaviour

    Luiza, T., Kupiec-Teahan, B., Stott, A. & Revoredo-Giha, C., 7 Gorff 2010, The Proceedings of the 9th European IFSA Symposium.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

48. Cyhoeddwyd

    Appleby Fair For All

    Crew, T., 23 Hyd 2018, Accessibility, Inclusion and Diversity in Critical Event Studies. Finkel, R., Sharp, B. & Sweeney, M. (gol.). Routledge, (Routledge Advances in Event Research).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

49. Cyhoeddwyd

    Appropriation and Innovation: Facebook, Grassroots Jews and Offline Post-Denominational Judaism

    Abrams, N., 18 Mai 2015, Digital Judaism: Jewish Negotiations with Digital Media and Culture. Routledge, t. 40 56 t. (Routledge Studies in Religion and Digital Culture).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

50. Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg

    Arthur in Continental Europe, 1800-1920

    Tully, C. & Berthelot, A., Meh 2023, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg) Cambridge History of Arthurian Literature and Culture. Radulescu, R. & Lynch, A. (gol.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cyfrol 2.

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

51. Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg

    Arthur in the Prose Brut

    Radulescu, R. & Marvin, J., 13 Chwef 2024, (Wedi ei Dderbyn / Yn y wasg) Cambridge History of Arthurian Literature and Culture. Radulescu, R. & Lynch, A. (gol.). 1 gol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cyfrol 1. (Cambridge History Series).

    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid