Theses

Compulsory Licensing of Patented Pharmaceuticals in the Developing World.: A Legitimate or Illegitimate Way to Enhance the Access to Medicines?

Supervisor: Hyland, M. (Supervisor) & Shi, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Disturbance and climate change risks to forest carbon sinks and potential management responses

Supervisor: Healey, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

E-procurement adoption impacts on organisations “Performance and Maturity”: An exploratory case study

Supervisor: Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor) & Batiz-Lazo, B. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Master of Philosophy

Earnings Management in European Private Firms versus Public Firms

Supervisor: Jaafar, A. (Supervisor) & Hodgkinson, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Electrical Characterisation of Meso-Scale Biological Tissue for a Microwave Based Permittivity Identification Process

Supervisor: Palego, C. (Supervisor) & Hancock, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Electrical, Environmental and Optical Stress Effects on PS-DNTT OTFTs

Supervisor: Taylor, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Enhancing the Antitrust Damages Action in China: Some Lessons from the EU

Supervisor: Cahill, D. (Supervisor) & Jing, Z. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Essays in forecasting financial markets with predictive analytics techniques

Supervisor: Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor) & Xie, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Essays on financial structure and regional economic development

Supervisor: Altunbas, Y. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Evolution & Extinction of the Great Auk: A Palaeogenomic Approach

Supervisor: Knapp, M. (External person) (Supervisor), Carvalho, G. (Supervisor), Gilbert, M. T. (External person) (Supervisor), Stewart, J. (External person) (Supervisor) & Hofreiter, M. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Exploring decision making to create an active offer of planned home birth

Supervisor: Rycroft-Malone, J. (Supervisor) & Burton, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Factors Influencing Welsh Medium School Pupils’ Social Use of Welsh

Supervisor: Ware, J. (Supervisor) & Hodges, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Fine Scale Survey of Metals, Nutrients and Lipid Biomarkers in the Conwy Estuary

Supervisor: Malham, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Gender Differences and ASD: Exploring Professionals’ Perspectives

Supervisor: Kyffin, F. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Grammar-based preprocessing for PPM compression and classification

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Hybrid Group IV Nanophotonics

Supervisor: Nezhad, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Improving Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Through Novel Wood-based Panel Modifications

Supervisor: Ormondroyd, G. (Supervisor) & Curling, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Investigating the potential susceptibility of selected Malagasy species to the toxins produced by Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian Common Toad)

Supervisor: Wuster, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Macrofaunal Diversity and Functioning within Submarine Canyons of the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Western North Atlantic

Supervisor: Davies, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Minors' crimes in Saudi Arabia: Analytical thematic study on Saudi juveniles’ system

Supervisor: Wali, F. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Motor imagery as a potential tool for improvement of musculoskeletal function in physiotherapy practice

Supervisor: Kubis, H. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Patterns and processes of saltmarsh area change at three spatial scales

Supervisor: Skov, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Perceptions of Justice and Equity in Energy Infrastructure: Stakeholder perspectives on electricity transmission infrastructure planning. Where does power lie?

Supervisor: Griffiths, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Personal Resources in Recovery: A Quantitative Study of Resiliency, Grit, and Coping in Rehabilitation Following Acquired Brain Injury

Supervisor: Coetzer, B. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Post-exercise hot water immersion: a novel approach to heat acclimation

Supervisor: Walsh, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Reconceptualising 'Uti Possidetis' principle to hone its invocation in the context of twenty-first century's phase of state-creation: the case of Kurdistan and Iraq in perspective

Supervisor: Linton, S. (Supervisor) & Smith, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Rheolaeth strategol ar hyfforddiant iaith mewn gweithleoedd sector cyhoeddus

Supervisor: Hodges, R. (Supervisor) & Prys, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Rheolaeth strategol ar hyfforddiant iaith mewn gweithleoedd sector cyhoeddus

Supervisor: Hodges, R. (Supervisor) & Prys, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

School-based primary prevention programmes: Outcomes and the factors that affect their success

Supervisor: Saville, C. (Supervisor), Evans, S. (Supervisor) & Hutchings, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Team Effectiveness in Professional Cricket

Supervisor: Hardy, J. (Supervisor) & Hardy, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Changing Face of Food Poverty with Special Reference to Wales

Supervisor: Gwilym, H. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity on the Relationship between Intellectual capital and Firm Performance in high-tech SMEs, UK

Supervisor: Karami, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Other Side’ of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History

Supervisor: Sedlmaier, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Sino-Indian Border War and the Foreign Policies of China and India (1950-1965)

Supervisor: Hong, F. (External person) (Supervisor) & Shapely, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The causes and consequences of accounting fraud in China

Supervisor: Ashton, J. (Supervisor) & Jaafar, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The economics of Orphan Drugs

Supervisor: Hughes, D. (Supervisor) & Plumpton, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The kinematics of human tool use

Supervisor: Watt, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The meaning of suffering: An analysis of potential relationships between Buddhist thought and Kierkegaardian philosophy

Supervisor: Huskinson, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The role of epidermal solutes in the control of stomatal movement

Supervisor: Tomos, A. (Supervisor) & Steele, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The value of ‘third-wave’ therapies in Intellectual Disability services: service user experiences of adapted Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

Supervisor: Brennan, A. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Understanding High School Subject Choice and the Decision to Pursue a Career in STEM

Supervisor: Hughes, J. (Supervisor) & Hunter, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Understanding discursive persuasion in American and Iraqi call to arms discourse: discursive strategies as instruments of persuasive politics

Supervisor: Tenbrink, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Unsupervised Change Detection in Multivariate Streaming Data

Supervisor: Kuncheva, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Why does Communication in Youth Justice Matter?

Supervisor: Feilzer, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Yr un hen stori a’r ffilm yn fy mhen: portffolio a dadansoddiad o broses greadigol

Supervisor: Wiliams, G. (Supervisor) & Price, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Characterisation of novel genome regulation functions of the cancer-associated proteins Translin and Trax

Supervisor: Mcfarlane, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Conservation of U.K. dune system native Lacertidae species

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

DSP-enabled Reconfigurable Optical Network Devices and Architectures for Cloud Access Networks

Supervisor: Giddings, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Degradation and outdoor performance monitoring of next generation solar cells for building integrated appliscation

Supervisor: Kettle, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Early Daoism, Ecocriticism and the Anthropocene: The Case of Edward Thomas

Supervisor: Webb, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Evaluation of the COPING parent online universal programme

Supervisor: Hutchings, J. (Supervisor) & Griffith, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Living with Stroke: a Wales context

Supervisor: Robinson, C. (Supervisor) & Seddon, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Natural regeneration models for Sitka spruce and other conifers in continuous cover forestry

Supervisor: Gibbons, J. (Supervisor) & Cahalan, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Riparian areas: Delineation and contribution to ecosystem service provision

Supervisor: Jones, D. L. (Supervisor) & Williams, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Social Timing in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (M.Phil)

Supervisor: Wimpory, D. (Supervisor), Nash, S. (Supervisor) & Koldewyn, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Synthesis of an α-mycolic acid from Mycobacterium brumae containing a cis-alkene and an α-methyl-trans-alkene

Supervisor: Baird, M. (Supervisor) & Al-Dulayymi, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The role of local knowledge in developing context sensitive agroforestry options for smallholder farmers

Supervisor: Sinclair, F. (Supervisor) & Pagella, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The social, cultural, and political impact of the British Military Administration on Libya, 1943-1951

Supervisor: Shapely, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Wool fibres for the sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air

Supervisor: Ormondroyd, G. (Supervisor) & Curling, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Ymrestru o dan y Faner: Dadansoddiad o’r modd yr atgynhyrchwyd cenedlaetholdeb gan sefydliadau a gweisg Cymraeg Cymru yn y 19eg ganrif

Supervisor: Lynch, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A total population study of challenging behaviour and evaluation of Positive Behavioural Support outcomes

Supervisor: Totsika, V. (Supervisor), Hastings, R. (Supervisor) & Toogood, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Self-Determination Theory: An Individual Differences Perspective

Supervisor: Woodman, T. (Supervisor) & Hardy, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The use of Randomised Control Trials in evaluating conservation interventions/ the case of Watershared in the Bolivian Andes

Supervisor: Jones, J. P. G. (Supervisor), Gibbons, J. (Supervisor) & Asquith, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Individual and Interpersonal Risk and Resiliency Factors in Primary and Secondary Trauma

Supervisor: Saville, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Towards clearer formulation of adult Autism Spectrum Disorder: exploring comorbidity and measurement.

Supervisor: Cole, K. (Supervisor) & Saville, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Working in Adult Mental Health: Burnout and the Effects of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Skills Training

Supervisor: Swales, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Completing a Banking Union in Europe: Evolution, challenges and market impact

Supervisor: Williams, J. (Supervisor) & ap Gwilym, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Graduate employment among Chinese graduates from UK universities: a case study of Bangor University

Supervisor: Dobbins, T. (Supervisor) & Sambrook, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Holding compassion in the fostering role: A Thematic Analysis of foster carers’ views and experiences

Supervisor: Jackson, M. (Supervisor) & Goater, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

The Influence of Community on Adjustment and Resilience in Childhood and Fatherhood

Supervisor: Burnside, E. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

An integrated approach to high-resolution modelling of a species range expansion using presence-only data: a case study on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Supervisor: Shannon, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

The Effects of Temperature, Irradiance and Nutrient Stress on Maximum Quantum Yield of 3 Scleractinian Corals

Supervisor: Turner, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Investigating the Physical and Psychological Impact of Assistive Technology Use (and its Influences) Among People Living with Multiple Sclerosis

Supervisor: Morrison, V. (Supervisor) & Williams, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Changing children's eating behaviour: Using digital photography to measure the effects of two school-based interventions on children’s intake of macro- and micro-nutrients at lunchtime

Supervisor: Erjavec, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Examining the Social Reward Value of Biological Motion

Supervisor: Cross, E. (External person) (Supervisor) & Koldewyn, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Exploring Attentional Bias and the Overall Recovery Experience of Individuals with a Drug or Alcohol Dependency

Supervisor: Hogan, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Fingerprinting ice-rafted detritus ice stream sources in the northeast Atlantic during the Last Glacial Stage

Supervisor: Scourse, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Twf a datblygiad ffuglen o fewn gwasg gyfnodol Gymraeg y ddeunawfed ganrif

Supervisor: Wiliams, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Joseph Aloysius Hansom and the changing practice of Architecture, 1820-1860

Supervisor: Shapely, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Polychaetes of the Falkland Islands: Critical Analysis of Published Works

Supervisor: Gimenez Noya, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Understanding Writing Difficulties Amongst Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Cases of Dyslexia and/or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Supervisor: Caravolas, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A study of communication support for children with Down’s syndrome and English as an additional language

Supervisor: Ware, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A study of novel acidophilic Firmicutes and their potential applications in biohydrometallurgy

Supervisor: Johnson, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Development of a novel integrated system for bioremediating and recovering transition metals from acid mine drainage

Supervisor: Johnson, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Studies on the nervous system and arterial gland of the slug, Deroceras Reticulatum (Pulmonata, Limacoidea)

Supervisor: Braig, H. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Fearest Enden: Including: Fearest Enden, a fantasy novel: Saviors, Scapegoats & Sacred Trees: A Critical Discussion

Supervisor: Gregson, I. (Supervisor), Wilcox, H. (Supervisor) & Rumens, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Neurocognitive Processes Underpinning Different Aspects of Mental Robustness in British Military Personnel

Supervisor: Downing, P. (Supervisor), Hardy, L. (Supervisor) & Roberts, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Essays on ambidextrous leadership in small and medium sized firms

Supervisor: Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor) & Mitchelmore, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Temporal-Difference learning underpins the acquisition of intertemporal preferences for high-value food rewards in humans

Supervisor: Rogers, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Commonwealth Immigration, Policymaking, and the Labour party, c. 1960-1980

Supervisor: Shapely, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Evaluation of Adaptive Traits in Rice for Low Phosphorus Environments

Supervisor: Steele, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Master of Philosophy

Living at the edge: Ecology of Patella species in Britain

Supervisor: Jenkins, S. (Supervisor) & Hawkins, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Acting for the Right Reasons: An Investigation of the Utility of Fear of Failure from a Positive Psychology Perspective

Supervisor: Parkinson, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Bank Competition, Monetary Policy Transmission, and Financial Stability in the U.S.

Supervisor: Goddard, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide Based Conjugated Molecular and Polymeric Materials for Organic Electronics

Supervisor: Perepichka, I. (Supervisor) & Al-Dulayymi, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Examining the effect of Positive Psychology Interventions to improve psychological wellbeing, workplace motivation and re-employment prospects in North Wales.

Supervisor: Parkinson, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Fine chemicals from cashew nut shell liquid

Supervisor: Baird, M. (Supervisor) & Tomkinson, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Identification and testing of enzymes and prodrugs for use in directed enzyme prodrug therapy strategies for the treatment of cancer

Supervisor: Gwenin, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Investigation into the physical and chemical properties of soap bubbles with respect to their performance

Supervisor: Fitzsimmons-Thoss, V. (Supervisor) & Lahmann, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Microwave I.F Signal Processing Strategies For Coherent Optical Communications

Supervisor: O'Reilly, J. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Regulation, patentability and morality of human embryonic stem cell in China: a comparative study of the US and Europe

Supervisor: Shi, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Reminiscence and digital life story work for dementia care

Supervisor: Woods, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Resistivity, thermal conductivity, porosity relationships for marine sediments

Supervisor: Taylor Smith, D. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Semantic Associations, Epistemic Priming and Cognitive Mechanisms in Media Discourse: A critical analysis of the British press use of the term Muslim women

Supervisor: Charteris Black, J. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Signal processing for pulse-height spectroscopy

Supervisor: Owens, A. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Support processes for stroke survivors and their spouses: a realistic evaluation

Supervisor: Burton, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The effects of colour and intensity of light on the behaviour and performance of broilers

Supervisor: Phillips, C. J. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The personality profile of Anglican clergy 1992-1996

Supervisor: Francis, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Development of thin film flexible and transparent electronics

Supervisor: Kettle, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Feasibility Study of SKILLS (Support for Kids In Learning and Language Strategies); an Online Programme for Parents and School Support Staff.

Supervisor: Hutchings, J. (Supervisor) & Williams, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

A multilocus phylogeny of the cobra clade elapids

Supervisor: Wuster, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwater ecosystems

Supervisor: Jones, D. (Supervisor) & Golyshin, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Reimagining Everyday Life in the GDR: Post-Ostalgia in Contemporary German Films and Museums

Supervisor: Saunders, A. (Supervisor) & Shortt, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Advanced Optical Fibre Grating Sensors for Biochemical Applications

Supervisor: Chen, X. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Orlando di Lasso's psalm settings: an examination of genre in late sixteenth-century psalm motets and German Leider

Supervisor: Leitmeir, C. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Assessment of marine recreational fisheries using: social media, fisheries dependent data and image analysis

Supervisor: Kaiser, M. (Supervisor), Vidal, F. P. (External person) (Supervisor) & Hyder, K. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Vitamin D and exercise performance: Influence of simulated sunlight and oral supplementation

Supervisor: Walsh, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Cognitive Linguistic Approach to English Verb-Particle Constructions

Supervisor: Evans, V. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Connections between the hillforts of the Clwydian Range and the wider landscape

Supervisor: Karl, R. (Supervisor) & Waddington, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Credit Rating Industry under New Regulatory Regimes: The Case of Financial Institutions

Supervisor: Alsakka, R. (Supervisor) & Mantovan, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Characterisation of human TDRD12 and LKAAEAR1 as potential oncogenic cancer testis antigen genes with clinical potential

Supervisor: Mcfarlane, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A holistic review of lean management and knowledge management practices: recommendations for improvement in a north Wales SME

Supervisor: Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Exploring real and hypothetical impacts of community-based conservation interventions

Supervisor: Jones, J. P. G. (Supervisor), Gibbons, J. M. (Supervisor) & Young, R. P. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Exploring Relationships Between Catchment Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics and the Formation of Disinfection Byproducts.

Supervisor: Fenner, N. (Supervisor), Holliman, P. (Supervisor) & Freeman, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Trans-generational responses of gammarid amphipods to salinity change: energy budgets and life history traits.

Supervisor: Whiteley, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Provision of academic support to children who have a prolonged absence due to a physical condition in mainstream primary schools in Wales and England

Supervisor: Smith, A. (Supervisor) & Hoerger, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Optical Effects on the Dynamical Properties of Semiconductor Laser Devices and Their Applications

Supervisor: Hong, Y. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Physiology at high altitude: understanding mechanisms and identifying countermeasures

Supervisor: Macdonald, J. (Supervisor), Oliver, S. (Supervisor) & Mullins, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Estimating the cost-utility associated with multi-gene panel testing to avoid adverse drug reactions

Supervisor: Plumpton, C. (Supervisor) & Hughes, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Richard Pennant, Samuel Worthington and the mill at Penlan: a history of the Penrhyn Mills on the Lower Ogwen

Supervisor: Karl, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Modulation of Human ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 Kinases by Period-1 in the Response to DNA Damage and the Role of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Per1-A962P in the Response to Genotoxic Stress

Supervisor: Caspari, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Critical analysis of taxation related research papers

Supervisor: Merkl-Davies, D. (Supervisor) & ap Gwilym, O. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Species delimitation in Bitis arietans – Are there any cryptic species present?

Supervisor: Wuster, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Dylan Thomas in China: Sociology, Paratext and Text

Supervisor: Miguelez-Carballeira, H. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Strategic Thinking, Organizational Foresight, and Strategic Planning in High-tech SMEs in the UK

Supervisor: Karami, A. (Supervisor) & Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Role of Apex Predators in Structuring the Spatial Behaviour of Mesopredators

Supervisor: Hayward, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Feasibility of soil amendments and ryegrass in circum-neutral and acidic mine tailings remediation

Supervisor: Roberts, P. (Supervisor) & Bird, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Photo-effects in Organic MIS Devices and Related Structures

Supervisor: Taylor, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

An fMRI Investigation of Visual Responses to Social Interactions

Supervisor: Koldewyn, K. (Supervisor) & Downing, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Effects of in situ oceanic warming on marine benthic recruitment and community development in Antarctica

Supervisor: Davies, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Metagenomics approaches to discover new industrially-relevant enzymes

Supervisor: Golyshin, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Three essays on banking policy & government intervention in the US banking sector

Supervisor: Carbo-Valverde, S. (Supervisor) & Stentella Lopes, F. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Behind enemy lines: investigating suppression & coexistence between sympatric carnivores in Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Supervisor: Hayward, M. W. (External person) (Supervisor) & Jones, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Dialogando coas marxes na narrativa galega de autoría feminina: Margarita Ledo Andión, Patricia A. Janeiro, Cris Pavón e Teresa Moure

Supervisor: Miguelez-Carballeira, H. (Supervisor) & Miranda-Barreiro, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Intellectual Property Rights and Climate Change: A Differentiated Patent Regime for Environmentally Sound Technologies

Supervisor: Shi, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

On the equivalence of brains and machines: consistency and determinism in first-order logic machines

Supervisor: Betenson, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Perception and Structure in Electroacoustic Music: A Portfolio of Compositions

Supervisor: Lewis, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Tailoring stroke best practice recommendations to the care home context: Identifying a balance between theory and real-world practice

Supervisor: Burton, C. (Supervisor) & Rycroft-Malone, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Aspects of the biological and environmental processes affecting cockles in North Wales

Supervisor: Malham, S. (Supervisor), McCarthy, I. (Supervisor) & Birchenough, S. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Optical OFDM with Multiple Information-carrying Dimensions for Elastic Access Networks

Supervisor: Tang, J. (Supervisor) & Giddings, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Recovering the everyday: practices and tactics in postcolonial fiction

Supervisor: Skoulding, Z. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Ynys: Portffolio a dadansoddiad o broses greadigol

Supervisor: Price, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Advancing the understanding of factors which influence job satisfaction of care home staff

Supervisor: Rycroft-Malone, J. (Supervisor) & Williams, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Enemy and Ally, Bulwark and Mis-shapen Monster: Perceptions and reflections on the Empire of Germany in the English press, 1618-1713

Supervisor: Claydon, A. (Supervisor) & Corns, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Fuel, feed and fibre: consequential life cycle assessment of novel miscanthus value chains

Supervisor: Styles, D. (Supervisor) & Gibbons, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Novel Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Devices Delivering Microwave and RF Energy for Smart Surgery

Supervisor: Hancock, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Sense of place and the writing of early British history in medieval and early modern England

Supervisor: Radulescu, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Application of CPPs to Improve the Cellular Uptake of a Novel Delivery Vector for use in Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy

Supervisor: Gwenin, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The influence of Vitamin D on in vivo immunity

Supervisor: Oliver, S. (Supervisor) & Walsh, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

This is for the record: A case for video recording as part of a unified method of data collection for the academic study of PC games

Supervisor: Muse, E. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

‘Game Changers’: Discriminating Features within the Microstructure of Practice and Developmental Histories of Super-Elite Cricketers - a Pattern Recognition Approach

Supervisor: Hardy, L. (Supervisor), Lawrence, G. (Supervisor) & Brandon, R. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Compression-based Methods for the Automatic Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

How ‘local’ is local knowledge?: the role of local knowledge in implementing locally appropriate land restoration interventions

Supervisor: Sinclair, F. (Supervisor) & Pagella, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Neoliberalism and accounting in everyday relational practices: The effects of the UK tax credits system on the financial hardship of claimants

Supervisor: Merkl-Davies, D. (Supervisor) & Bartels, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The perceptions of teacher educators, senior mentors and trainee teachers on effective initial teacher education in North and Mid-Wales

Supervisor: Ware, J. (Supervisor) & Jones, B. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Master of Philosophy

Exploring the biodiversity of the lakes of the Malay Archipelago using environmental DNA metabarcoding

Supervisor: De Bruyn, M. (Supervisor), Creer, S. (Supervisor) & Carvalho, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Safety and Efficacy of First-line Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Practice

Supervisor: Healy, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Space Beyond Place: Welsh Settings in European Fiction, 1900–2010

Supervisor: Tully, C. (Supervisor) & Jein, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The role of regional development banks

Supervisor: Williams, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Triple bottom line mission and Financial Performance in Egyptian SMEs: The role of CSR”

Supervisor: Karami, A. (Supervisor) & Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Cayman Islands Marine Protected Areas, their status, effects and future

Supervisor: Turner, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Functional landscape connectivity models in applied conservation: spatio-temporal variability, on-ground validation and application for African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Supervisor: Hayward, M. (Supervisor) & Balkenhol, N. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Optimising Kinematic Systems Using Crowd-Sourcing and Genetic Algorithms

Supervisor: Ap Cenydd, L. (Supervisor) & Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Course on Neurocognitive Markers of Ageing and Dementia in Typically Ageing Older Adults

Supervisor: Mullins, P. (Supervisor) & Dorjee, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Comparative Genomics of the Human Follicle Mite Demodex Folliculorum

Supervisor: Braig, H. R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Understanding the Role of Wastewater in the Spread of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Supervisor: Williams, P. (Supervisor), Chigor, V. N. (External person) (Supervisor), McDonald, J. (Supervisor), Williams, M. (External person) (Supervisor) & Jones, D. L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Microsatellites of Mites in Forensics

Supervisor: Braig, H. R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Automatic Emotion Recognition in English and Arabic text

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Nid trwy sbectol y sais y dylai Cymro edrych ar wlad ddieithe: astudiaeth o gyfieithiadau T. Hudson-Williams o'r rwseg i'r Gymraeg

Supervisor: Price, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Theology of John Tillotson (1630-1694) and Latitudinarianism in England

Supervisor: Claydon, A. (Supervisor) & Betenson, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The importance of participation in psychiatric hospital: Experiences of treatment planning and socio-economic predictors of admission.

Supervisor: Saville, C. (Supervisor), Griffith, G. (Supervisor) & Jackson, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

A comparison of Al Qassim viewed through British eyes and local sources: 1862-1918

Supervisor: Wiliam, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Little Man Everyday Estrangement and Ordinary Re-connection

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Novel di- and multitopic hydroxamate ligands towards discrete and extended network complexes

Supervisor: Jones, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Essays in Public Sector Management and Governance

Supervisor: Nikolopoulos, K. (Supervisor) & Karami, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Individual differences in voice identity perception

Supervisor: Bestelmeyer, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Bank corporate governance, risk management and ownership in the EU member and candidate nations

Supervisor: Ashton, J. (Supervisor) & Hodgkinson, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Erosional resilience of salt marshes: : Bio-physical processes from patch to national scales

Supervisor: Skov, M. (Supervisor), Jenkins, S. (Supervisor) & Garbutt, A. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Examining psychological therapies adapted for adults with intellectual disabilities

Supervisor: Williams, J. (Supervisor) & Jones, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Lessons Learned from Implementing the KiVa Antibullying Programme in UK Primary Schools

Supervisor: Hutchings, J. (Supervisor) & Hoare, Z. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A Novel Approach to Printed Arabic Optical Character Recognition

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Deprivation, social capital and mental health: the influence of connection and its disruption through churn

Supervisor: Oakley, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Evaluation of the DBT-Steps A (DBT-SA) programme when delivered by School-based Counsellors to a targeted population.

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Listening to the Voices? How relationships with voices change over time, and developments in therapeutic interventions for voice-hearing.

Supervisor: Jackson, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Perinatal Mental Health: An Exploration of Different Dimensions of Perinatal Psychopathology at an International and National Level

Supervisor: Jackson, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Psychological Interventions for First-Episode Psychosis: An Exploration of Individual and Group Interventions

Supervisor: Jackson, M. (Supervisor) & Owen, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

The Onwards Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Older Adults

Supervisor: Piggin, L. (Supervisor), Saville, C. (Supervisor) & Kelly-Rhind, J. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

The Psychosocial Impact and Outcomes of Brain Injury

Supervisor: Coetzer, B. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

The Role of Schemas in Psychosis and Voice-Hearing

Supervisor: Rydon-Grange, M. (Supervisor) & Jackson, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Pragmatic and Conversational Features of Arabic-Speaking Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Examining performance and caregivers’ perceptions

Supervisor: Tenbrink, T. (Supervisor) & Sanoudaki, E. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Origin, Development, and Future of Assemblies of God Eschatology

Supervisor: Kay, W. (Supervisor) & Thomas, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Digital Filter Multiplexing-enabled Advanced Networking Devices and PON Architectures for 5G Network Convergence

Supervisor: Tang, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The influence of experiential factors on bilingual language development

Supervisor: Mills, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Master of Philosophy

A three-dimensional approach to time conceptualization in Chinese-English bilinguals

Supervisor: Thierry, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Amino Acid Substituted Guanidines as Organocatalysts

Supervisor: Murphy, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Hotspots and Hot Moments of Amino Acid Nitrogen: Real-time Insights Using Continuous Microdialysis Sampling

Supervisor: Hill, P. (Supervisor), Jones, D. L. (Supervisor) & Paterson, E. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Rereading the Past: Jane Austen and Reflective Selfhood from Lady Susan to Persuasion

Supervisor: McCue, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Spirit of God in the Torah: a Pentecostal exploration

Supervisor: Thomas, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Affections and Ethics in Middle English Romance: The Overlap of Poetic and Philosophical Discourses of Emotions in King Horn, the Stanzaic Guy of Warwick and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Supervisor: Radulescu, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Alginate from brown seaweeds: extraction, characterisation, modification and the studies on its applications for hydrogels

Supervisor: Tai, H. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Quantitative evidence synthesis methods for the assessment of the effectiveness of treatment sequences for clinical and economic decision-making

Supervisor: Wilkinson, C. (Supervisor), Hughes, D. (Supervisor), Sutton, A. (External person) (Supervisor), Woolacott, N. (External person) (Supervisor), Williams, N. (External person) (Supervisor), Phillips, C. (External person) (Supervisor) & Ruiz, F. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Value of the Human Being in the Quran : Analytical study of the conceptual elements

Supervisor: Wali, F. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Synthesis of Possible Anti-adhesives for the Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections by the Uropathogenic E. coli

Supervisor: Lahmann, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A multidisciplinary approach to examine mental toughness

Supervisor: Beattie, S. (Supervisor) & Cooke, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Survival of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans, Associated with Lesion Formation in Acute Oak Decline, in Rainwater and Forest Soil

Supervisor: McDonald, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

The Interaction of Adaptive and Maladaptive Narcissism, and its Relevance to Performance Under Pressure and Quality of Training

Supervisor: Roberts, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

"Substantive approach" and "Authenticity": the accommodation of Islamic retail financing and deposit products under English Law

Supervisor: Cahill, D. (Supervisor) & Griffith, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Special Measures, Burnout And Occupational Stress In National Health Service Staff: Experiences, Interpretations And Evidence-Based Interventions.

Supervisor: Jackson, M. (Supervisor) & Robinson, N. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Breaking down the effect of biotic and abiotic mechanisms of litter decomposition in drylands

Supervisor: Markesteijn, L. (Supervisor) & Rey, A. (External person) (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Keyframe Summarisation of Egocentric Video

Supervisor: Kuncheva, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Saudi Desert Sands: Survey, Ecotoxicity and Remediation

Supervisor: Fitzsimmons-Thoss, V. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Translating evidence-based practice into an autism specific special school: Model, evaluation and outcomes

Supervisor: Hastings, R. (Supervisor) & Hughes, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Evaluation of novel naked barley lines for β–glucan, amylose and field performance

Supervisor: Steele, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Innovation & Design Thinking Practices in Industry

Supervisor: Jones, I. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Rhwng Gwrthryfel a Gwacter:Agweddau ar y theatr Gymraeg, 1945-79

Supervisor: Wiliams, G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Control of Automatic Imitation - Neural Mechanisms and Individual Differences

Supervisor: Ramsey, R. (Supervisor) & Downing, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Analysing and Correcting Dyslexic Arabic Texts

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Cerebral asymmetries: handedness and the right hemisphere

Supervisor: Carey, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The effect of social rewards and punishments on learning and cooperative decision-making

Supervisor: Heerey, E. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Effects of Eudaimonic Framing Upon the Self-Regulation of Healthy Lifestyle Behavior and Alleviation of Noncommunicable Disease

Supervisor: Parkinson, J. (Supervisor) & Goodman, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Discovering Interesting Behaviours in Complex Systems

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Effects of tourist presence and activity on the behaviour of Zanzibar red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus kirkii) at Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park

Supervisor: Georgiev, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Holocene climate variability in UK waters based on Arctica islandica sclerochronology

Supervisor: Butler, P. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Learning Analytics Integrating Student Attendance Data

Supervisor: Perkins, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Media Bias: a corpus-based contrastive study of the online news coverage on the Syrian revolution - a cxritical discourse analysis perspective

Supervisor: Tenbrink, T. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Definition of ‘Government Entity’ under the WTO/GPA: A Comparison with the EU

Supervisor: Cahill, D. (Supervisor) & Eyo, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The cognitive and neural mechanisms of human hand selection

Supervisor: Valyear, K. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

A psychophysiological examination of concept conscious processing of movements

Supervisor: Hardy, J. (Supervisor) & Cooke, A. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

DSP-based Real-Time Enabling Technologies for Future Cloud Access Networks

Supervisor: Giddings, R. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

The Unitive Self and its Importance for Mental Wellbeing, Society, and Politics.

Supervisor: Huskinson, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Archaeoleg ddisgyrsiol mewn pedair haen: Datganiadau cenedlaethol-drefedigaethol yn y wasg Gymreig a’r wasg Fasgaidd yn y 1890au

Supervisor: Jones, A. L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Compression-based Parts-of-Speech Tagger for the Arabic Language

Supervisor: Teahan, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Acquired brain injury, violence, and anti-social behaviour: Disentangling cause and effect

Supervisor: Coetzer, R. (Supervisor), Saville, C. (Supervisor) & Byrne, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Professional Doctorates

Adfer yr hyn a gollwyd dan yr eira: T. James Jones a Dylan Marlais Thomas

Supervisor: Davies, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

An evaluation of the Seren Programme for prospective medical school applicants: Mapping impact, sustainability and growth.

Supervisor: Williams, S. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Masters by Research

Disciplining Public Employees in Kuwait: A search for increased fairness, coherence, and protection in the light of prevailing and expanding employee duties, particularly the duty to Whistleblow.

Supervisor: Griffiths, A. (Supervisor) & Hodgkinson, L. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Effects of marine recreation on bottlenose dolphins in Cardigan Bay

Supervisor: Evans, P. (Supervisor), Cordes, L. (Supervisor), Waggitt, J. (Supervisor) & Turner, J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Stakeholder perspectives on optimal follow-up care: An interdisciplinary economic and psychological investigation into gynaecological cancer

Supervisor: Edwards, R. T. (Supervisor) & Morrison, V. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Toward a Pentecostal Theology of Glossolalia

Supervisor: Thomas, C. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy

Nanofabrication approaches for Group IV Photonic MEMS devices

Supervisor: Nezhad, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis: Doctor of Philosophy